tricky short answer questions

Question 1

Actin is a fibrous protein involved in the cytoskeleton of the cell. What properties of fibrous proteins make it suitable for its function?

Answer 1

Fibrous proteins are long, insoluble molecules

Question 2

A pancreas cell wants to make insulin. Which of the following statements are true for the transcription and translation of insulin?

1) The gene for insulin is translated into a strand of messenger RNA.
2) mRNA leaves the nucleus and is translated by a ribosome.
3) Three nucleotides together on mRNA are called a triplet.
4) Three nucleotides together on transfer RNA are called an anti-codon.

Answer 2

2,4

Question 3

How are enzymes synthesised?

Answer 3

mRNA from the nucleus is transcribed by a ribosome to produce an enzyme.

Question 4

what types of molecule can diffuse across the plasma membrane

Answer 4

small and non polar

Question 5

is water polar

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

why can water diffuse across the plasma membrane even though it is polar

Answer 6

because it is extremely small

Question 7

A mutation occurs that prevents the synthesis of glycoproteins. What effect would this have on the cell?

Answer 7

Lymphocytes would destroy the cell

because the cell would no longer have ‘self’ antigens

Question 8

How are lipid-insoluble hormones transported into cells?

Answer 8

endocytosis - transport of large molecules

Question 9

Solution A has a higher concentration of solutes than solution B. What could solution A be described as compared to the solution B?

Answer 9

hypertonic

Question 10

What is the purpose of the Casparian strip

Answer 10

Force water across the membrane into the cytoplasm

Question 11

Which of the following is a sink in a plant?

stems
leaves
meristem
tuber in spring

Answer 11

Meristem - actively dividing

Question 12

An organism has been described as unicellular, containing a membrane-bound nucleus, and cholorplasts. Classify this organism into the correct kingdom.

Answer 12

Protoctista

Question 13

Cell wall of fungi

Answer 13

Chitin

Question 14

Cell wall of bacteria

Answer 14

Peptidoglycan

Question 15

A person was infected with a structure that contained a cell wall made of murein and there were several flagella present. What would be an effective treatment against this?

Answer 15

Antibiotics

Question 16

Which type of cells does HIV target?

Answer 16

T cells , specifically t helpers

Question 17

Impulses are transmitted across synapses. When this occurs the neurotransmitter is released from which part of the synapse?

Answer 17

Synaptic vesicles

Question 18

By what processes do sodium ions move in and out of the axon

Answer 18

Active transport - out
Carrier proteins - out
Facilitated diffusion - in

Question 19

The chemoreceptors that detect the need to increase the heart rate are found in which artery?

Answer 19

Carotid artery - serves the brain

Question 20

What are the small berry like clusters in the liver

Answer 20

Acini - exocrine tissue producing digestive enzymes

Question 21

Cortisol is an example of a steroid hormone. Which of the following statements about the way it causes its effect on a target cell are true?

A. It is hydrophilic
B. It passes through the lipid component of the cell membrane
C. It forms a hormone-receptor complex which acts as a transcription factor
D. It triggers a cascade reaction triggered by second messengers

Answer 21

B + C

Question 22

Is haemoglobin a protein or a pigment

Answer 22

Both

Question 23

How does increased permeability of the collecting duct effect water loss

Answer 23

More water moves out of the collecting duct meaning it is not lost in the urine

Question 24

A biologist compared two mitochondria of similar size. One was highly folded with many cristae, whereas the other had fewer folds with few cristae.
Which statement about the mitochondria is likely to be true?
A) The number of ATP molecules synthesised in the two mitochondria would be different.
B) Glycolysis takes place in both mitochondria.
C) Oxidative phosphorylation only occurs in the mitochondria which have a highly folded inner membrane.
D) The thicknesses of the mitochondrial membranes of the two mitochondria would be different.

Answer 24

A

Question 25

Oligomycin is a poison that blocks the proton channel in molecules of ATP
synthase in the mitochondrial membrane. What would be an effect of this
during chemiosmosis?

Answer 25

Facilitated diffusion of protons into the mitochondrial matrix stops

Question 26

A - Chemiosmosis
B - ATP production
C - Carbon fixation
D - Hydrolysis of ATP
Which processes occur in both respiration and photosynthesis?

Answer 26

A, B, D

Question 27

Where is the tricuspid valve located

Answer 27

Between the right atrium and ventricle

Question 28

DNA sequencing can be used for which of the following?

A - Treating cancer
B - Mapping disease genes in chromosomes
C - Determining the human genome
D - Studying how organisms are related

Answer 28

B, C ,D