populations and sustainability

Question 1

3 places where conservation needs to be balanced with human needs

Answer 1

uk peat bogs
the maasai mara
terai arc

Question 2

terai arc

Answer 2

• are of forest and grasslands on the border between Nepal and India
• variety of plants and animals, including Bengal tiger and Asian elephant
• 7 million people depend on the Forrest to survive
• forest being destroyed to make wat for housing but this destroys habitats bringing animals closer to humans causing more conflict
• conservation charity WWF has worked with local people to help balance their need for the forest e.g. solar cookers and biogas generators so they don’t need to use wood

Question 3

the maasai mara

Answer 3

national reserve in Kenya
large grassland home to wildebeest and zebra
the maasia people earn a living by raising livestock, cattle, this causes conflict as overgrazing by livestock can destroy grassland for wildlife
conservation trust are working with the maasia people to help them make money from their land sustainably

Question 4

uk peat bogs

Answer 4

upland parts of the uk are home to peat bods, wet grasslands
peat bogs store water and co2, and are home to lots of different plants and animals
farmers use the peat bogs to braze sheep and deer however this causes overgrazing which causes a loss of moss species, soil compaction which increases water run off
recent government funding programmes, like environmental stewardship schemes, to lower number of livestock

Question 4

the Galapagos islands

Answer 4

• home to many rare species of animals
  effects of human activities
• non native animals and plants introduced to the island outcompete the native species
  methods of control
• eradication programmes have removed wild goats and the quinine trees (uprooting young trees with chemical herbicides)
• tourists are expected to follow a list of rules such as not to bring any live plants or animals and can olny acesses national parks in the company of a licenced guide

Question 4

the Galapagos islands

Answer 4

• home to many rare species of animals
  effects of human activities
• non native animals and plants introduced to the island outcompete the native species
  methods of control
• eradication programmes have removed wild goats and the quinine trees (uprooting young trees with chemical herbicides)
• tourists are expected to follow a list of rules such as not to bring any live plants or animals and can olny acesses national parks in the company of a licenced guide

Question 5

Antarctica

Answer 5

effects of human activities
- visitors to Antarctica have caused pollution by dumping sewage into the sea and leaving rubbish
- hunting , whaling and fishing
methods of control
- all waste apart from food waste and sewage must be taken away by a ship
- ships that use thick oil as fuel are banned
- hunting and whaling are now also banned

Question 6

the lake district and Snowdonia national parks

Answer 6

both beautiful national parks
effect of human activities
- erosions of the footpath leads to soil ending up in the lakes.
- footpaths eroding causes walkers to destroy sensitive vegetation
- lots of rain fall in Snowdonia leads to erosion of the paths causing walker to trample the surrounding vegetation
methods of control
- charities and authorities carry out regular repair and encourage the regrowth of damaged vegetation
- dug drains next to paths preventing flooding

Question 7

Population growth curve

Answer 7

Phase 1 - period of slow growth, small numbers of breeding individuals
Phase 2 - period of rapid growth, number of breeding individuals increases
Phase 3- stable state, further growth is prevent by external constraint e.g waste and oxygen

Question 8

Factors effecting population size

Answer 8

Immigration and emigration

Question 9

Difference between interspecific and infraspecific competition

Answer 9

Inter - between different species

Intra - between members of the species