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Neuro1 > Triangles of Neck/ Larynx > Flashcards

Triangles of Neck/ Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Triangle Boundaries

A

midline of neck, SCM, lower mandible

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2
Q

Posterior Triangle Boundaries

A

SCM, trapezius and clavicle

Floor: splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, levator scapulae, scalenes

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3
Q

Carotid sinus vs carotid body

A

Sinus in ICA->baroreceptor (increased BP)

Body at bifurcation–> chemoreceptor O (oxygen)

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4
Q

Anterior Triangle Arteries

A

Common carotid bifurcates @ C3-C4 into ICA and ECA

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5
Q

ECA branches

A 
Superior thyroid A
          Superior 
              laryngeal A
Ascending pharyngeal 
   A b/t bifurcation 
    (medial pharynx)
Lingual A
Facial A
Occipital A (bone)
Posterior Auricular A 
Maxillary A
Superficial temporal A
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6
Q

Anterior Triangle muscles

A

Suprahyoid: elevate hyoid and larynx in phonation and swallowing, form floor of oral cavity and stabilize tongue and hyoid

Infrahyoid: depress hyoid and larynx

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7
Q

Suprahyoid Ms

A

Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid (straddles posterior digastric)

Digastric
Geniohyoid (oral cavity)

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8
Q

Infrahyoid Ms

A

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

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9
Q

Posterior Triangle Arteries

A 
Transverse cervical A
  lateral and superficial to 
   anterior scalene and 
   phrenic N
Suprascapular A
  inferior and lateral "

both off of thyrocervical trunk

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10
Q

Posterior Triangle Veins

A

External jugular vein: union of posterior auricular and retromandibular veins
anterior to SCM
drains into subclavian

Subclavian Vein
anterior to anterior
scalene, joins IJV–>
Brachiocephalic vein

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11
Q

What does it mean if you can see EJV externally

A

heart failure, superior vena cava obstruction

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12
Q

Where do you place central lines?

A

Subclavian vein (R mostly b/c more straight)

Poke too deep, you can hit subclavian A or lung–> pneumothorax

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13
Q

Posterior Triangle Nerves

A

cutaneous, CN XI, brachial plexus roots/trunks, phrenic N

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14
Q

Erb’s point

A

middle of posterior SCM
Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus:

Lesser occipital
Greater auricular
Transverse cervical
Supraclavicular

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15
Q

Lesser Occipital N

A

C2, skin of neck and scalp posterior to ear

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16
Q

Great auricular N

A

C2-C3, skin and sheath over parotid gland, mastoid process, ear and angle of mandible

17
Q

Transverse Cervical N

A

C2-C3, skin of anterior cervical region

18
Q

Supraclavicular N

A

C3-C4, skin over clavicle and shoulder

19
Q

Spinal accessory (CN XI)

A

Exits skull via jugular foramen to anterior triangle–>deep to SCM (innervates it) –> posterior triangle–> (where susceptible to accidental cutting) trapezius

most common accidentally cut nerve

torticollis if damaged–> head moves toward damage, face away

20
Q

Phrenic N

A

C3, C4, C5 keep the diaphragm alive

anterior to anterior scalene, immediately posterior to carotid sheath

21
Q

Submandibular contents

A

both bellies of digastric, interior mandible

submandibular gland and lymph nodes, CN XII, N to mylohyoid, parts of facial A and V along mandible

22
Q

Submental contents

A

midline of neck, anterior digastric x2, body of hyoid

submental lymph nodes
small veins that make
anterior jugular V

23
Q

Muscular contents

A

body of hyoid, midline of neck, superior belly of omohyoid, SCM

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
thyroid and parathyroid 
    glands, larynx, 
    trachea, esophagus
common carotid A, 
    superior thyroid A, 
    inferior thyroid A
anterior jugular V, 
    thyroid veins
ansa cervicalis, external 
    laryngeal N, recurrent 
    laryngeal N
24
Q

Carotid contents

A

posterior belly of digastric, superior belly of omohyoid, SCM

branches of ECA
internal and external 
  laryngeal nerves, CN 
  XII, CN XI, ansa 
  cervicalis
carotid sheath
25
Q

Carotid Sheath

A

Ansa cervicalis anterior
or embedded in sheath

Common carotid A
anterior medial

Internal jugular vein
anterior lateral

Vagus nerve posterior

26
Q

Vagus nerve branches

A

Pharyngeal branch

Superior laryngeal N
  internal branch of "
    sensory above vocal 
    cord, pierces 
    thyrohyoid membrane 
    with superior 
    laryngeal A
 external branch of "
   innervates cricothyroid

Carotid body branch

Recurrent laryngeal N
  Inferior laryngeal N
    All intrinsic laryngeal 
    muscles with sensory 
    below vocal cord
27
Q

Occipital triangle contents

A

Part of EJV

Posterior branches of cervical plexus

CN XI

Trunks of brachial plexus

Cervical lymph nodes

28
Q

Subclavian triangle contents

A

dorsal scapular A (via subclavian A)

part of subclavian V

suprascapular A and lymph nodes

29
Q

Superficial Fascia

A

Between dermis and investing layer of deep fascia

contain SubQ tissue, cutaneous nerves, blood, lymph, fat and PLATYSMA

30
Q

Deep Fascia

A

Investing layer
Pretracheal
Prevertebral
Carotid Sheath

31
Q

Investing layer of deep fascia

A

most superficial of deep fasica

surrounds entire neck, encloses SCM, trap and glands (parotid and submandibular)

attaches to manubrium, clavicals, scapula, occipital, temporal, zyg arch, mandible, hyoid and vertebrae

–>mumps d/t expanding parotid glands held by this tight fascia

32
Q

Pretracheal layer of deep fascia

A

only in anterior neck, blends with pericardium

makes up muscular layer over infrahyoid muscles, buccopharyngeal fascia and a visceral layer

33
Q

Prevertebral layer of deep fascia

A

encloses vertebral column and muscles, extends laterally into axillary sheath of arm

base of head to mediastinum

34
Q

Carotid Sheath (fascia wise)

A

blends with prevertebral and pretracheal fascia

common carotid A anterior and medial

internal jugular vein anterior and lateral

vagus nerve most posterior

35
Q

Retropharyngeal Space

A

it is posterior to pharynx

buccopharyngeal fascia (pretracheal) anterior

prevertebral fascia posterior

carotid sheaths lateral

–>abscess causes swelling, makes difficult swallowing or breathing

36
Q

Venous drainage of neck and head

A

EJV formed via posterior auricular and retromandibular veins
Anterior to SCM
Drains external face–>
Subclavian V

IJV begins in cranial 
   cavity as continuation 
   of sigmoid sinus
 exits via jugular foramen
 in carotid sheath
 combines with 
   subclavian V to form 
   brachiocephalic vein
has inferior bulb to stop 
  backflow of blood

AJV
paired veins in anterior
neck drains this area to
subclavian V

Dural venous sinuses
  drain blood in head
  superior and inferior 
  sagittal sinuses meet in 
  confluence of sinus--> 
  transverse sinus--> 
  sigmoid sinus-->IJV

Neuro1 (9 decks)

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