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neuro1 > Superficial Face and Scalp > Flashcards

Superficial Face and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

What layers make up the scalp proper?

A

Skin, dense connective tissue, aponeurosis

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2
Q

Parotid Gland Contents

A

Parotid plexus of the facial nerve (tiny zebra bit my cheek)

Retromandibular vein

ECA

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3
Q

Parotid Gland Innervation

A

CN IX to otic ganglion, hitch ride on auriculotemporal N ( CN V3)

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4
Q

Parotid Gland Location

A

from ear to lower mandible, can extend into subnmandibular triangle

on top of masseter M

duct on top of masseter but dives into buccinator M

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5
Q

CN V- Trigeminal (Cutaneous)

A

Sensory ganglion: trigeminal ganglion
anterior superior scalp and face-same distribution as facial motor to face except sensory

carry postgangliongic parasympathetic fibers via hitch hike onto it by CN IX

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6
Q

CN V- Trigeminal (Motor)

A

V3 only

Muscles of mastication

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7
Q

CN VII- Facial (Cutaneous)

A

greater petrosal N–> lacrimal gland

chorda tympani–> taste, submandibular and sublingual glands

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8
Q

CN VII- Facial (Motor)

A

Exits 1st internal acoustic meatus, exits 2nd through stylomastoid foramen to muscle

Muscles of facial expression (TZBMC)

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9
Q

Muscles of facial expression

A 
PA 2 mesoderm
CN VII
Occipitofrontalis
Orbicularis Oculi
Levator Labii Superioris
Zygomaticus major and 
             minor
Risorius
Buccinator
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10
Q

Blood Supply to Superficial Face

A 
Mainly branches of ECA:
 Facial A
    Inferior labial
    Superior labial
    Lateral nasal
    Angular- superior 
     cheek, inferior eyelid
 Occipital A- scalp of 
      back of head
 Posterior Auricular A
 Superficial Temporal A
      Transverse facial--> 
           parotid gland and 
           duct  
Branches of ICA:
 Supraorbital A- muscles 
     of skin of forehead 
     and scalp, superior 
     conjunctivva
 Supratrochlear A

Mental A: facial muscles and skin of chin

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11
Q

Anastomoses of Superficial Face

A

ICA to ECA

Supraorbital A (ICA) with Superficial temporal A (ECA) above eye/lateral forehead

Angular A (ECA) with Supratrochlear A (ICA) near nose

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12
Q

Veins of Face

A

Facial, supratrochlear, supraorbital, transverse facial veins

go to cavernous sinus via direct veins or pterygoid venous plexus (from deep veins)

how infections can spread

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13
Q

Cutaneous innervation of scalp and face

A

Trigeminal

Ophthalmic: superior orbital fissure

  • -> Supraorbital (more lateral)
  • -> Supratrochlear (more medial)
  • –> Lacrimal
  • –> Infratrochlear
  • –> External nasal

Maxillary: foramen rotundum

  • -> Infraorbital
  • -> Zygomaticofacial
  • -> Zygomaticotemporal

Mandibular: foramen ovale

  • -> Auricotemporal (anterior ear)
  • -> Buccal
  • -> Mental

Cervical plexus:

  • -> Great auricular N (skin over angle of lower mandible, inferior lobe of ear, parotid sheath)
  • -> Lesser occipital N (scalp posterior to ear)

Cervical Nerves:
–> Posterior rami (C2-C3) innervate posterior scalp and back of neck

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14
Q

Skin

A

sweat and subaceous glands, hair follicles, vascular supply, lymph drainage

most superficial SCALP

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15
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

vascularized, cutaneous nerves, hold open arteries when wounded

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16
Q

Aponeurosis

A

connects occipitofrontalis and temporoparietalis muscles from forehead to occiput and temporal bones

17
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Allows free movement of scalp

18
Q

What scalp layer can infection spread through quickly?

A

Loose connective tissue

base of skull to eyes and nose

19
Q

Pericranium

A

Forms external periosteum

most deep SCALP

20
Q

Why do cuts of the scalp bleed profusely?

A

Highly vascularized, dense CT holds arteries open

21
Q

What is a detached scalp?

A

Cut through the aponeurotic layer, muscles on both sides pull opposite sides of wound so it stays open

nerves and BV inferior to superior, so can reattach

22
Q

What is a non-gaping wound?

A

Cut up to dense connective tissue

Still held open so will bleed profusely but won’t gape

23
Q

Lymphatic drainage of head and scalp

A

Superficial LN of pericervical collar drain the face and scalp

  • -> Submental drain lower lip, chin, floor of mouth, tip of tongue, lower incisors
  • -> Submandibular follows facial A and drains gums, teeth, tongue, upper lip and lateral lower lip
  • -> Parotid drains anterior ear, anterolateral scalp, upper half of face

Drain into deep cervical LN that travel with IJV

  • ->Mastoid drains posterolateral half of scalp
  • -> Occipital drains posterior scalp and neckDrain into superficial cervical LN that travel with EJV
24
Q

Which LN drain into deep cervical LN?

A

Submental, Submandibular, Parotid

25
Q

Which LN drain into superficial cervical LN?

A

Mastoid, Occipital

26
Q

Jugulo-digastric LC

A

Superior deep cervical LN

C3-C4 near posterior digastic M

27
Q

Jugulo-omohyoid

A

Lower deep cervical LN

C6 inferior to omohyoid T

28
Q

CN VII track

A 
Internal acoustic meatus--> geniculate ganglion (not automatic ganglion)
--> through facial canal posterior to middle ear to give off Stapedius N and Chorda Tympani N
---->Stapedius dampens 
       sound 
--> Chorda tympani goes 
      to taste anterior 2/3 
      tongue, parasymp to 
      submandibular and 
      sublingual glands
 OR --> can go past canal to exit stylomastoid foramen--> muscles of facial expression, platysma, stylohyod, digastric (posterior belly)
29
Q

Lesions of CN VII at internal acoustic meatus

A 
Bell's palsy
No tear production
No dampening of sound
No taste ant 2/3
No gland inn. of 
   submandibular or 
   sublingual (may not be 
   noticeable)
30
Q

Lesion of CN VII between Stapedius N and Chorda tympani N

A

+ tear production
+ normal hearing

no taste ant 2/3
no parasymp.
innervation
Bell’s palsy

31
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Ipsilateral paralysis of facial muscles at or before stylomastoid foramen

Can’t close eye or blink
Will drool
Can’t pucker lips or suck
on straw

Can be caused by parotid excision if hit CN VII (runs through it)

32
Q

Le Fort I Fx

A

maxilla, maxillary alveolar process, possibly pterygoid plates of spehoid

33
Q

Le Fort II Fx

A

maxillary sinus, superomedially through infra-orbital foramina, lacrimals, ethmoids, nose, hard palate

34
Q

Le Fort III Fx

A

superior orbital fissures, ethmoid, nasal, greater wings of sphenoid, frontozygomatic sutures, zygomatic arches

neuro1 (9 decks)

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