Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro1 > Embryo-Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Embryo-Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

Ecoderm germ layer contributions to pharyngeal arches

A

Ectoderm–> groove (external auditory meatus, cervical sinus)

Mesenchyme (NCC) and Mesoderm–> muscles, A, N

Endoderm–> pouch (organs)

Membrane: 1 cross-section encompassing all layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Role of NCC in pharyngeal arches

A

form CT in head including dermis and smooth muscle of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of mesoderm in pharyngeal arches

A

Paraxial: muscles except extra-ocular

Lateral plate: endothelium that lines blood vessels in face

Prechordal plate: extra-ocular muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When do the pharyngeal arches form?

A

Week 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cleft/Groove vs Membrane

A

cleft/groove: ectoderm surrounding the arch

membrane: basically a cross-section of an arch with a section of ectoderm and endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe pharyngeal membranes and its derivative(s).

A

Membrane (ectoderm, middle arch, endoerm)

quickly infiltrated by mesenchyme (NCC)–> tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Derivative(s) of pharyngeal ectoderm

A

External acoustic meatus

grooves 2-4 are in cervical sinus–>closes off during development

common birth defects involve 2nd groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Skeletal/cartilage derivatives of PA 1 mesoderm

A 
Meckel's cartilage 
   (degenerates--> 
   placeholder for 
   mandible)
Malleus
Incus
Mandible
Sphenomandibular L
Anterior L of malleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Skeletal/cartilage derivatives of PA 2 mesoderm

A 
Reichert's cartilage 
    (will degenerate and 
    contribute to below)
Stapes
Styloid process of 
   temporal bone
Lesser cornu of hyoid
Stylohyoid L
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Skeletal/cartilage derivatives of PA 3 mesoderm

A

Greater cornu of hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Skeletal/cartilage derivatives of PA 4 mesoderm

A

Laryngeal cartilage

Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Skeletal/cartilage derivatives of PA 6 mesoderm

A

Laryngeal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PA 1 muscular derivatives

A

muscles of mastication (CN V3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PA 2 muscular derivatives

A

muscles of facial expression (CN VII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PA 3 muscular derivatives

A

Stylopharyngeus M (CN IX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PA 4 muscular derivatives

A

Pharyngeal Constrictor Ms (CN X)

17
Q

PA 6 muscular derivatives

A

Intrinsic muscles of larynx (CN X)

18
Q

PA 1 innervation

A

CN V- Trigeminal

Sensory of head and neck

Motor for muscles of mastication

19
Q

PA 2 innervation

A

CN VII- Facial

Muscles of facial expression

20
Q

PA 3 innervation

A

CN IX- Glossopharyngeal

Stylopharyngeus M

21
Q

PA 4 innervation

A

CN X- Vagus

Superior laryngeal N
   Internal branch:
     sensory above cord
   External branch:
      cricothyroid M

Recurrent laryngeal N
–> Pharyngeal Branch

Levator veli palatine
Pharyngeal
constrictor Ms

22
Q

PA 6 innervation

A

CN X- Vagus

Recurrent laryngeal N
    Inferior laryngeal N 
       Intrinsic muscles of 
        larynx, sensory 
        below cord
23
Q

PA 1 Endodermal derivative(s)

A

tympanic cavity
mastoid antrum
Eustachian tube

tympanic membrane via 1st membrane derivative

24
Q

PA 2 Endodermal derivative(s)

A

tonsillar sinus

tonsillar lympoid tissue

25
Q

PA 3 Endodermal derivative(s)

A

inferior parathyroid gland

thymus

BOTH MOVE SOUTH

26
Q

PA 4/6 Endodermal derivative(s)

A

superior parathyroid gland

ultimobranchial body–> thyroid gland

27
Q

Tonsils Development

A

PA 2 endoderm proliferation–> tonsillar epithelium–> mesenchyme differentiation–> lymphoid nodules and tonsillar sinus

28
Q

Thyroid Development

A

PA 4 endoderm–> ultimobranchial body–> thyroid gland

Thyroid primordium (24 days) descends in neck with tongue growth, connected by thyroglossal duct–> degenerate–> patent airway

29
Q

Parathyroid Development

A 
PA 4 dorsal endoderm----> superior parathyroid glands
    ultimobranchial body 
    fuses with thryoid 
    gland to make 
    parafollicular cells

PA 3 dorsal endoderm—-> inferior parathyroid glands

30
Q

Thymus Development

A

PA 3 ventral endoderm–> thymic primordium

Grow into surrounding mesenchyme to make thymic lobules

lobules arranged around central point–> thymic corpuscles

Form reticulum for housing lymphocytes

Not complete at birth, replaced with adipose tissue in adult

31
Q

First Pharyngeal Arch Syndrome

A

Abnormal development:

Malformation of eyes, ears, mandible, palate

–>insufficient migration of NCC during 4th week

32
Q

Treacher-Collins Syndrome

A

Mandibulofacial dysostosis

Malar hypoplasia–> down-slanting features, defects of lower eyelids, deformed ears

AD mutation in TCOF1, increased apoptosis of NCC

33
Q

Pierre Robin

A

De novo

Hypoplasia of mandible and cleft palate

Defects of eyes and ears

micrognathia (small mandible)–> posterior displacement of tongue—> obstruction of closure of palate–> BL cleft palate

34
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome

A

Breakdown of signaling form PA endoderm to NCC

Agenesis of thymus and parathyroid

Congenital hypoparathyroidism

Shortened upper lip, low set and notched ears

Nasal cleft

Thyroid hypoplasia

Cardiac abnormalities

COMMON, VARYING SEVERITIES

35
Q

Agenesis of thyroid gland

A

Congenital abnormality d/t abnormal migration of NCC or failure of thyroid primordium to form

36
Q

Cervical cyst

A

Remnant of cervical sinus (ectoderm) or 2nd pharyngeal groove
—>covered with skin but not completely closed inside

Slow to enlarge inferior to angle of mandible

Fluid cellular debris pile up, painless

37
Q

Cervical sinus congenital abnormality

A

Failure to close or 2nd pharyngeal groove to degenerate (partial closing)

Discharge of mucus BL, commonly associated with auricular sinuses

Infection risk

38
Q

Cervical fistula

A

Abnormal canal into tonsillar sinus that extends out of neck
—> persistence of 2nd pharyngeal groove and pouch

Open from pharynx to skin, leaks mucus from oral cavity out to skin

Neuro1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions