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Neuroendocrine > Triangles of Neck Brauer > Flashcards

Triangles of Neck Brauer Flashcards

1
Q

Subcutaneous layer of fascia

A

Thin CT btw dermis and investing layer of deep cervical fascia. Contains: Sensory nerves Blood and lymph Superficial lymph nodes fat platysma

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2
Q

What are the major land marks in the neck?

A
  • C7
  • Hyoid bone at level C3-4
  • Thyroid and Cricoid cartilages C6 is cricoid level
  • Clavicle sternum and manubrium are also landmarks
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3
Q

What are the superficial cutaneous nerves arising from the cervical plexus?

A
  • Lesser occipital C2,C3
    • Runs along border of SCM relaying scalp sensory info
  • Transverse Cervcial C2,C3
    • supplies skin over anterior triangle crosses SCM
  • Greater Auricular C2, C3
    • runs with EJV on SCM supplies posterio auricle and area from mandiblular angle to mastoid process
  • Supraclavicular C3,C4
    • supplies root of neck in clavicle acromnion and sternum
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4
Q

Investing fascia of the neck?

A

Most superficial layer surrounding the entire neck enclosing the SCM and traps as well as parotid gland and submandibualr gland

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5
Q

Pretracheal fascia?

A

In anterior neck and blends with pericardium. It contains the infrahyoid muscles and buccopharyngeal fascia

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6
Q

Prevertebral fascia?

A

Encolses vertebral column and associated muscles. Extends laterally as axillary sheath

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7
Q

Carotid sheath?

A

Covers carotids IJV and vagus

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8
Q

Retropharynegeal space?

A

Posterio to pharynx and esophagus bounded by buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia and carotid sheath. Extends from base of skull to mediastinum. Permits movemnt of pharynx larynx and esophagus during swallowing.

Easy route for upper respiratory infections or oral infections to spread

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9
Q

Posterior triangle borders and division of the triangle and contents?

A
  • Anterior border is posterior border of the SCM
  • Posterior border is anterior border of trapezius
  • Inferior border is clavicle

Contents:

  • Spinal accessory
  • Lesser occipital
  • Greater Auricular
  • Transverse cervical
  • Suprascapular
  • EJV and suprascapular artery
  • Subclavian artery
  • Occipital artery

Broken into two triangles

  1. Occipital triangle: inferior belly of omohyoid is inferior border, Anterior and posterior border is same as post triangle
  2. Supraclavicular triangle: Inferior belly of omohyoid is superior border, SCM is anterior border and inferior border is clavicle
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10
Q

Prevertebral muscles

A
  • Posterior scalene: posterior tubercles of C5-C7 to 2nd rib elevate ribs during inspiration
  • Middle scalene: posterior tubercles of C2-C7 to superior 1st rib elevate ribs inspiration
  • Anterior scalene: anterior C3-C6 to 1st rib
  • Longus capitis and coli: btw verte4bral bodies and TP of cervical vertebrae
  • Recctus capitis lateralis and anterior: complememtary to rectus capitis posterior and obliquus capitis
  • All of these are posterior to retropharyngeal space and innervated by cervical plexus or brachial
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11
Q

SCM actions

A
  • Bilaterally flexes the neck
  • With neck extensors protrudes head and thrusts it forwared
  • Uniliaterally laterally flexes head rotates head and neck so ears go to shoulders on same side, turns chin opposite tilts head one side
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12
Q

Congenital torticollis

A

fibrous tissue tumor within SCM that develops in utero. It will cause the head to turn to the side and face to turn away from the affected side shortening the SCM.

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13
Q

Muscular torticollis?

A

SCM Injured during birth tearing the fibers leading to hematoma which develops into a fibrotic mass entrapping CN11. May require surgical detaching of SCM.

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14
Q

Where does CN 11 exit and travel

A

Exits jugular foramen and lies posterior to SCM nad then emerges along posterior margin of SCM to cross posterior triangle to innervate trapezius.

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15
Q

What makes up the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis and superior root?

Where is the root located?

A
  • Inferior root: C2-C3
  • Superior root: C1

Loop lies anterolateral to levator scapuolae and middle scalenes

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16
Q

Describe the phrenic nerves route

A
  • Runs anterior to surface of anteior scalene
  • Descends obliquely with IJV deep to prevertebral fascia
  • Posterior to suprascapular and transverse cervicacl artery
  • Runs posterior to subclavian vein and anterior to internal thoracic
17
Q

Subclavian artery

A
  • First part is medial to anterior scalene
    • Branches into internal thoracic and avertebral arteryies and thyrocervical trunk
      • Thyrocervical trunk is anterior to phyrenic nerve
  • Second part is behind anterior scalene
    • gives off costocervical trunk superior interecostal and deep cervical arteries
  • Third part is lateral to anterior scalene anterior to brachial plexus wihitinn post triangle
    • dorsal sscapular artery
18
Q

Anterior triangle borders and contents?

A
  • Midline mandible and SCM
19
Q

Submandibular triangle suprahyoid region within the anterior triangle borders and contnents?

A
  • Myohyoid
    • Mylohyoid nerve branch of V3
  • Geniohyoid
    • Innervated by C1
  • Digastric
  • Submandibular gland
20
Q

Contents of submandibular digastric triangle?

A
  • submandibiular lymph nodes hypoglossal nerve facial artery vein and subman gland
21
Q

Submental triangle contents?

A
  • submental lymphnodes and small veins that form anterior jugular
22
Q

carotid triangle contents?

A
  • carotid artery
  • IJV
  • ECA
  • hypoglossal nerve and spinal accessory
  • Superior root ansa cervicalis
  • thyorid gland larynx pharyonx deep cervical llymph nodes
  • brachial plexus branches
23
Q

Muscular omotracheal triangle contents

A

sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles thyoroid and parathyroid glands

24
Q

Wht are the infrahyyoid muscles?

A
  • Sternohyoid: depresses hyoid after elevation due to swallowing innervated by ansa cervicalis
  • Omohyoid: depress retract and steady hyoid, innervated ansa ccervicalis
  • Sternothyroid: depress thyroid cartilage and pulls hyoid down
  • Thyroihyoid: depress hyoid elevates larynx inervated by C1 via hypoglossal
25
Q

What does the ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

Infrahyoid muscles and geniohyoid muscle

Superior loop from C1 and inferior loop from C2-3

26
Q

What arteries are found in the Anterior triangle

A
  • ICA
  • ECA
  • Carotid sinus which is found at the bifurcation of the two
27
Q

What are the branches of the ECA?

A
  • Superior thyroid
  • Ascending pharyngeal
  • Lingual
  • Facial
  • Occipital
  • Posterior Auricular
  • Maxillary
  • Superficial temporal
28
Q

What are the paired layngeal cartilages?

A
  • Arytenoid vocal cords attach here
  • Corniculate
  • Cuneiform
29
Q

What are the unpaired laryngeal cartilages?

A
  • Thyroid
  • Epiglottis
  • Cricoid
30
Q

Where do vocal cords run? How is sound produced, how is tension regulated?

A

Betwee nthyroid and arytenoid cartilages and generate sound by vibrating when air passes

Vagus nerve regulates tension

31
Q

Ventricular folds?

A

False vocal folds brought together when holding breath

32
Q

Laryngeal innervation?

A
  • Superior laryngeal nerve from the vagus
  • Inferior laryngeal nerve which is a terminal branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, gives motor to intrinsic mucsles
33
Q

Thyroid blood supply?

A
  • Superior thyroid from ECA
  • Inferior thyroid from thyrocervical trunk
  • Parallel veins
34
Q

Laryngeal blood suppply?

A
  • Superior laryngeal artery from superior thyroid artery
  • Inferior laryngeal artery from inferior thyroid artery
35
Q

Describe the superior cervical ganglia?

A
  • Level of c1/2 post synaptic fibers form internal carotid periarterial plexus to the head
  • Sends fibers to cervical plexus also cardiopulmonary
36
Q

Middle cervical ganglia?

A
  • May be absent
  • lies over inferior thyroid artery at level of cricoid cartilage
  • Distributed by the periarterial plexes and cardiopuolmomary splanchnic nerves
37
Q

INfeior ganglion?

A
  • Lies anterior to TP of C7 supeior to neck of 1st rib
  • Some post gang fibers enter brachial plexus others go to heart some go to periarterial plexus of vertebral artery
38
Q

There IS/IS NOT white rami in the neck?

A

Is not

FIbers will pass to cervical spinal nerves via gray rami or leave as splanchnic into thorax

39
Q
A

Neuroendocrine (22 decks)

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