Gross Anatomy Brain Dennis T#2 Flashcards
Gray matter
areas with cell bodies and dendrietes
Nuclei
collection of cell bodies
Cortex
Layers of gray matter over cerebral and cerebellar coertices
White matter
areas of collection of axons covered with myelin
Other terms for white matter?
Fasciculus, funiculus, lemniscus, peduncle and tract
gyrus
ridge of cortical tissue
sulcus
groove btw gyri
fissure
deep sulci
What separates parietal lobe from frontal lobe and temporal?
central sulcus and lateral fissure
Primary motor areas are housed in ____.
Precentral gyrus
What are the function of the the prefrontal association areas?
concerned with emotion, motivation, personality, initiative, judgement, ability to concentrate and social inhibition
What modulates the emotional aspects of behavior in the frontal lobe?
Cingulate gyrus
What area of brain is responsible for proprioceptive and tactile information?
Primary somatosensory cortex found within the postcentral gyrus
Inferior parietal lobule (usually left) is involved in ___.
language comprehension
What are the important parts of the parietal lobe?
post central gyrus, posterior paracentral gyrus, and superior and inferior parietal lobes
What is the homunculus?
Contralateral half of the body is mapped in each precentral and postcentral gyri in a somatotopic map called a homnculuss. It shows how bodies are represented within the brain. (Nightmarish looking map)
What is the temporal lobe composed of?
Superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri
What is the inferior surface of the temporal lobe made up of?
Occipitotemporal fusiform gyrus
Temporal lobe is associated with four functions,, what are they?
- primary auditory cortex, located on the surface of superior temporal gyrus 2. Wernickes area: language comprehension located on posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus on left 3. higher order processing of visual info 4. learning and memory
Occipital lobe significance?
Contains visual areas, Primary visual cortex is within walls of calcarine sulcus and remainder of lobe is visual association cortex with higher order processing of visual info
Describe the Limbic lobe
Not a true lobe like others. Covers all lobes except occipital. Includes the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus. Important for processing complex aspects of learning memory and emotion
Describe the insular lobe
Burried in the lateral sulcus can be seen by prying open lateral sulcus. Can also remove the opercula (frontal parietal and temporal). Circular sulcus outlines the insula and marks its border with operular areas of cortex
What is an operculum?
Overhangs of brain tissue hiding
Posterior column Medial Lemniscus System?
Ascending tracts convey ipsilateral proprioceptive tactile and vibratory info from body NOT FACE
Spinocerebellar tracts?
Ascending tract info relays to cerebellum thalamus and motor cortex to influence efficiency of motor activity
Anterolateral System?
Ascending tract Relay pain temperature and nondiscriminative touch from body
Corticospinal tract?
Descending tracts controls voluntary fine movements of muscles
Vestibulospinal tract?
Descending tract influence motor neurons innervating primarily axial and neck muscles
Rubrospinal fibers?
Descending tract excite flexor motor neurons and inhibit extensor motor neurons
Laminae of spinal cord describe the layers.
- Lamina 1 (marginal zone): thin grey matter covering substantia gelatinosa
- Lamina II: substantia gelatinosa
- Laminae III-VI: body of posterior horn
- Lamina VII: intermediate grey matter including clarke’s nucleus
- Lamina IX: motor neuron of anterior horn
- Lamina X: grey matter surrounding central canal
Describe the pathway for touching something hot and moving away
- Primary afferent conveys info from the CNS
- Terminates in CNS on second order neurons
- Relays info to lower motor neurons to convey info from the CNS to skeletal to cause movement
What do second order neurons do
Relay a signal from primary afferents to a target in the CNS, can cross midline
Third order neurons?
Motor info is a __ path and sensory info is a ___ path.
Descending, Ascending
Posterir column meedial lemniscus system?
Conveys ipsilateral proprioceptive tactile and vibratory information from the body
