Scalp and Superficial Face Brauer Flashcards
What are the layers of the scalp?
LO #1
- Integument
- Dense CT
- Aponeurosis
- Loose CT
- Pericranium (periosteum)
- SCALP is Pneumonic for Scalp layers!*
- skin is first S
Why do cuts to the scalp bleed profusely?
LO #2
Both injuries bleed profusely because the dense CT holds the cut vessels open
- Superficial injury: superficial to aponeurosis doesn’t gap bc aponeurosis holds edges together
- Deep injury: through the aponeurosis and forms gaping wound
What innervates the scalp, frontal bone area, and around the eyes??
LO #8
Trigeminal nerve V1 Opthalmic branch
- Supraorbital: begins above eye and travels to top of head
- Supratrochlear: forehead ish area
- Infratrochlear: inferior margin of eye and region of nose
What does the maxillary nerve innervate and its branches?
LO #8
Below the eye to the line of the lips
- Infraorbital
- Zygomaticofacial
- Zygomaticotemporal
What does the mandibular nerve innervate and branches?
Mandible up to temporal bone not including ear
- Mental: chin
- Buccal: inside of cheek
- Auriculotemporal
Which layer of the scalp can an infection spread quickly thorugh?
LO # 3
a
Epicranius muscle?
Creates expressions of surprise/fright also called occipitofrontalis
Orbicularis Oculi
LO # 5
Orbital and palpebral portions close eyelids
Levator Labii Superioris
LO # 5
LIfts uper lip
Zygomaticus major and minor and Levator anguli oris
LO # 5
Smiling and laughing
Depressor laboii inferioris and depressor anguli oris
LO # 5
Depresses lower lip
Orbicularis
close mouth and pout
Buccinator and orbicularis oris
LO # 5
Buccinator muscles of cheek holds cheek close to teeth
both kissing muscles
What nerve innervates muscles of facial expression?
LO #7
Facial Nerve CN VII
Describe the autonomics of the Facial nerve, where do the parasympathetics go?
Describe taste function of the facial nerve?
LO #7
Parasympathetics to lacrimal, nasal cavity and sumbandibular and sublingual glands
Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue-chorda tympanii
Describe bells palsy, what causes it?
Facial nerve injury, damage due to surgery or infections cause this. Muscle weakness or paralysis and can include the inablitiy to close eyes. These patients are prone to corneal ulceration
Masseter
LO #6
- Orign zygomatic arch
- Insertion Lateral ramus and angle of mandible
- Moves jaw closed
- CN V3
Medial pterygoid
LO # 6
- Origin: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and maxilllary tuberosity
- Inserts medial surface mandibular ramus
- Elevatets and protrudes mandible
- CN V3
Temporalis
LO #6
- origin floor of temporal fossa and deep temp fossa
- insert coronoid process and ant border of mandible
- Elevate and close mandible contributes to retraction
- CN V3
Lateral Pytergoid
LO # 6
- Origin: greater wing of sphenoid and lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
- Inserts on neck of mandile articular disc and TMJ capsule
- Protracts mandile swings jaw to contralateral side and contributes to lateral chewing
- CN V3
What muscles does the trigeminal provide somatic motor innervation to?
LO #7
- Masseter
- Medial & Lateral Pterygoid
- Temporalis
- Mylohyoid
- Anterior digastric
- Tensor tympani
- Levator veli palatini
Herpes Zoster
LO #9
chicken pox virus is the initial infection. Lesions are due to reactivation of virus and it can appear anywhere on the body, although it is uaually CN V and the opthalmic division is commonly affected. Usual cornea involved accompanied by painful corneal ulceration
Having shingles vaccine can reduce risk and decrease severity
Describe the parotid gland, location, what passes through it and what does it pierce?
LO #4
- Largest serous gland encapsulated by tough fascia
- It runs over the masseter muscle and pierces the buccinator and opens on surface of oral cavity near 2nd molar
- Facial nerve passes through the gland (exits stylomastoid foramen innervates stylohyoid and post. digastric)
- Retromandibular vein before it joins posterior auricular vein to make EJV
- ECA enters gland before it splits off to give rise to branches
- Auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3 sensory)
Describe Submandibular and Sublingual glands
- Submandibular gland is in the submandibular triangle inferior to mandible it has mixed serous and mucous glands
- Sublingual gland is located within oral cavity beneath tongue, mucous gland
Where does the facial artery run and originiate and branches
LO #10
Branches off of the ECA and gives rise to labial and angular arteries runs posterior to submandibular gland
(Vein is superficial to gland and not tortuous)
Where does occipital artery run originate and branches
Branch from ECA suppleis posterior scalp
Posterior auricular arteyr
branch from ECA behind ear
Superficial temporal artery
Terminal branch from ECA
- ascends anterior to ear region and ends in scalp
- supplies facial mucsles and skin of temporal frontal regions
Transverse facial artery
Runs with parotid duct and gives zygomatic region vascular supplly branch off of superficial temporal artery
- crosses face superficial to masseter and infeior to zygomatic arch
- suppplies parotid gland and duct and muscles of skin and face
Infraorbital artery
Terminal banch from maxillary artery pops out below eye in the infraorbital forament along with the infraorbital nerve
Supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries
- Terminal branches of opthalmic artery
- Supraorbital passes superiorly from supra orbital foramen
- Supratrochlear passes superiorly from supratraochlear notch
- both supply mm and skin of forehead and scalp and superior conjunctiva
Lymphatics
LO #12
Superficial cervical nodes are located along EJV and drain superficial tissues of the neck:
- submental
- submandibular
- parotid
- mastoid
- occipital
Inferior deep cervial nodes drain lateral cervical area and goes along SCM:
- Jugulo-digastric
- Jugulo-omohyoid
All drain into nodes and lymphatics running along IJV. Lymphatics join to form lymphatic trunks that form ducts and empty to subclavian vein.
Thoracic duct collects most of right side of body and left except left shoulderr and head region. That would be lymphatic duct
