Trials

Question 1

Which part of a paper describes aims & objectives

Answer 1

Introduction

Question 2

Confounding bias

Answer 2

Distortion in the measure of association between exposure and health outcome
Caused by a mixing effect of the exposure with some extraneous factor

e.g.
Coffee drinker lead ro coronary prob.
But the coffee drinkers are also often smokers
And there’s a strong correlation between smoking and heart issue.
A confounding bias that misleads to coffee as the cause

Question 3

Diabetes vs non diabetics
Looks back in time to see characteristics
What study is this?

Answer 3

Case control

Question 4

Central tendency?

Answer 4

Central location for distribution
Mean , mode, median

Standard deviation is not a central tendency but a measure of deviation from the central tendency

Question 5

Measure of central variability

Answer 5

Standard deviation
Range
Inter quartile range
Box plots
Variance
95% Confidence interval

Question 6

Measure of descriptive statistics (location)

Answer 6

Percentiles
Quartiles
Min Max

Question 7

Interventional study

Answer 7

Randomized clinical trial

Question 8

Observational studies

Answer 8

Cohort (exp sometimes)
Case control
Cross sectional

Question 9

Experimental studies

Answer 9

Randomized control trials

Non Randomized control trials

Question 10

Forest plot

Answer 10

Blobbogram

Used for meta analysis of randomized control trials

Question 11

Funnel plot

Answer 11

A triangular plot on graph
Scatter plot
For checking publication bias
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Question 12

Histogram

Answer 12

Bars connected to each other

Question 13

Pie chart

Answer 13

Circle divided into percentage triangles

Question 14

P value

Answer 14

Probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as the observed results of stat hypothesis test. Assuming that the null hypothesis is correct.

Small p value — null hypothesis rejected

0.05 p value is used generally as a standard

Question 15

Smokers vs non smokers

See which one eventually develops lymphoma

Answer 15

Prospective cohort study

Question 16

Body responsible for approval of research in health institutions

Answer 16

IRB

Institutional review board

Question 17

Phase 1 clinical trial

Answer 17

Healthy participants

Question 18

Continuous variable

Answer 18

Has any numeric value

Question 19

Ordinal variable

Answer 19

Described In order , or ranks instead of numbers

E.g socioeconomic status : middle class lower income high income

Question 20

Binary variable

Answer 20

Can only have 2 options
Yes or no
True or false
Less than 35 or more than 35
Male or female

Question 21

Categorical variable

Answer 21

Can take only a few fixed values or lables
Such as marital status, eye color, religion

Ordinal variable is a type of categorical variable

Question 22

The middle value of a number data

Answer 22

Median