Trials Flashcards
Which part of a paper describes aims & objectives
Introduction
Confounding bias
Distortion in the measure of association between exposure and health outcome
Caused by a mixing effect of the exposure with some extraneous factor
e.g.
Coffee drinker lead ro coronary prob.
But the coffee drinkers are also often smokers
And there’s a strong correlation between smoking and heart issue.
A confounding bias that misleads to coffee as the cause
Diabetes vs non diabetics
Looks back in time to see characteristics
What study is this?
Case control
Central tendency?
Central location for distribution
Mean , mode, median
Standard deviation is not a central tendency but a measure of deviation from the central tendency
Measure of central variability
Standard deviation Range Inter quartile range Box plots Variance 95% Confidence interval
Measure of descriptive statistics (location)
Percentiles
Quartiles
Min Max
Interventional study
Randomized clinical trial
Observational studies
Cohort (exp sometimes)
Case control
Cross sectional
Experimental studies
Randomized control trials
Non Randomized control trials
Forest plot
Blobbogram
Used for meta analysis of randomized control trials
Funnel plot
A triangular plot on graph
Scatter plot
For checking publication bias
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Histogram
Bars connected to each other
Pie chart
Circle divided into percentage triangles
P value
Probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as the observed results of stat hypothesis test. Assuming that the null hypothesis is correct.
Small p value — null hypothesis rejected
0.05 p value is used generally as a standard
Smokers vs non smokers
See which one eventually develops lymphoma
Prospective cohort study
Body responsible for approval of research in health institutions
IRB
Institutional review board
Phase 1 clinical trial
Healthy participants
Continuous variable
Has any numeric value
Ordinal variable
Described In order , or ranks instead of numbers
E.g socioeconomic status : middle class lower income high income
Binary variable
Can only have 2 options Yes or no True or false Less than 35 or more than 35 Male or female
Categorical variable
Can take only a few fixed values or lables
Such as marital status, eye color, religion
Ordinal variable is a type of categorical variable
The middle value of a number data
Median
