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2021 Questions > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

Preventing chronic constipation

A

Fluid and fibre intake
Physical activity
Reduce meat and processed food
Reduce stress

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2
Q

73 yr old Man diagnosed with osteoarthritis of knee.

Best initial therapy?

A

Acetaminophen

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3
Q

Books and their topics

A

Meylers side effects of drugs —> side effects

The harriet lane handbook (john hopkins hosp)
—> new guidelines parameters of pharmacology and more

Drug interaction facts by david tatro : drug interaction

Natural medicine comprehensive database : food herb supplements

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4
Q

Enzyme polymorphism that can alter clopidogrel efficacy

A

Cyp 2c19

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5
Q

Where does the electron transport chain reaction pathway take

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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6
Q

Abbreviation for by mouth

A

P.O

Per oral

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7
Q

Non essential amino acid

A

Cysteine

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8
Q

Major histocompatibility complex is unique in

A

Each individual

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9
Q

Infliximab Side effects long term

A

Increased risk of TB , URTIs ,

invasive fungal infection, hep B worsening of Hep C,

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10
Q

Girl vomiting . Dehydration. Potassium level low

A

Give 0.9% sodium chloride with potassium chloride

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11
Q

Oxybutynin

A

For over active bladder

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12
Q

Urea synthesis occurs in

A

Liver

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13
Q

Supercoiling of DNA regulated by

A

Topo isomerase

Other enzymes in option
Primase : ssDNA dependant RNA polymerase . Involved in polymer enlongation
Initiating chain synthesis (RNA polymerase)

Helicases: remodel nucliec acid
DNA helicases separate double strand to single allowing each strand to be copied

Reverse transcriptase: DNA polymerase enzyme transcribes single stranded RNA to DNA. Then synthesize a double stranded DNA.

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14
Q

RSV (respiratory syncytial ) infection in child.

Best treatment?

A

Fluid and supportive care

Prevention: Pavlizumab (mostly for children at high risk e.g with CHD or premature children under 1 yr

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15
Q

Drugs that can cause pneumonia

A 
Amiodarone
Methotrexate
Cytotoxic drugs
Nitrofurantoin
Imidazoline
Paraffin
Protein tyrosine kinase
Omeprazole (PPIs)
Metformin
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16
Q

Main absorptive function of colon (large intestine)

A

Water
Salts (sodium , chloride)

Large intestine = 10% digestion
Small intestine = 90% digestion

Small intestine = food nutrients and minerals

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17
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A 
Confusion
Agitation
Shaking
Restless
Delirium
Diaphoresis (sweating)
Nausea Vomiting
Mydriasis
Htn tachy
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18
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI

Antidepressant

19
Q

Linezolid drug drug interaction

A 
Citalopram SSRIs
MAOs
Diet pills
Appetite suppressants
ADHD drugs
Benzodiazepines
20
Q

Estimated amount of plasma

A

Plasma volume is 25% of ECF
ECF is 20% of body weight (normally 14 L/)

So for a 70kg male plasma volume is 3.5 L

21
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis therapy

A

NSAIds
Corticosteroids
DMARDs disease modifying antirheumatics
Cytotoxins

First line
Methotrexate
Hydroxychloroquine
Sulfasalazine

Second line
Azathioprine
Leflunamide
Corticosteroids
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclosporine AP
Minocycline
22
Q

DAS28

A 
Daily activity score for rheumatoid arthritis
Tender joint count 
Swollen joint count
Physician assessment
SDAI (simplified disease activity index)
CDAI ( Clinical disease Activity index)

Scores

< 2.6 remission or very good control
2.6 - 3.2 low disease activity
3.2 - 5.1 moderate
> 5.1 high

23
Q

Ethics in consulting

A

Autonomy _ determine their own action
Non maleficence _ avoid harm
Beneficence _ provide benefit
Justice _ treat all patients fairly without discrimination

24
Q

Prevention of constipation from morphine (start)

A

Docustae

Senna

25
Q

Sulfa drugs ( to avoid in sulfa allergy)

A 
Sulfamethoxzole
Sulfasalazine
Dapsone
Sulfisoxazole
Sulphonamides
Furosemide other loop diuretics thiazide diuretics
Sulphonyl ureas
Sodium thiosulfate
26
Q

Indications of sevelamer in a patient of chronic kidney disease

A

Hyperphosphatemia

Sevelamer is a phosphate binding medication used to treat hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney patients

27
Q

Digoxin monitoring appropriate time for plasma blood sample

A

6 hr post dose

28
Q

7 yr old girl comes with complain of itchy scalp

It’s a lice infestation

A

Dimethicone lotion

Permethrin is also used but dimethicone is superior

29
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Low TSH and elevated free T4

30
Q

Effect of smoking on serum olanzapine levels

A

Decreased levels

Nicotine is an inducer so olanzapine is quickly metabolized reducing it’s levels

31
Q

31 yr old methamphetamine addict was treated for HTN. Later presented with depression.
Which HTN drug was given?

A

Methyl dopa

Methamphetamine increases cascading release the dopamine amount and inhibit it’s re-up take ( euphoric)

Methyl Dopa: decreases cascading epinephrine dopamine and serotonin

32
Q

Senna glycoside that damages liver on prolonged use

A

Anthraquinone

33
Q

Hepatotoxic anesthesia

A

Halothane
Desflurane
Isoflurane

34
Q

Chemical reactions to briefly see

A

Oxidative deamination ( removes N group and gives a byproduct of NH4)

Hydrolysis (breakdown by water)

O dealkylation (an alkyl group is removed from O and replaced with H)

a hydroxylation (hydroxyl group added at a position)

35
Q

Salbutamol (albuterol)

Ventolin

A

Bronchodilator

B2 agonist

36
Q

Benign prostate hyperplasia treatment

A

Tamsulosin (a blocker)
5 alpha reductase inhibitors (finastride (proscar), dutasteride)
Tadalfil (also used for for erectile dysfunction)

37
Q

Medication for ripening and dilation of cervix

A

Misoprostol

38
Q

Atosiban

A

Labor suppressant

Inhibits oxytocin and vasopressin

39
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Antipsychotic

Blocks histamine H1 dopamine D2 and muscarinic M1 receptors in vomiting center
Antiemetic

40
Q

Premature ejaculation drugs

A

Dapoxetine
SSRIs escitalopram, sertaline, paroxetine, fluoxetine)
Sildenafil (viagra) tadalfil, verdenafil

41
Q

What is best described as drug dependence?

A

Discontinuing the drug will cause withdrawal symptoms

42
Q

Body removes 99% drugs by first order kinetic after single dose in how much time?

A

7 half lives

43
Q

Celiac disease

A

Autoimmune disease
Celiac sprue or gluten sensitive enteropathy.
Immune reaction to gluten in barley rye wheat.
Malabsorption of protein cz of villi damage

2021 Questions (13 decks)

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