Trial, Appeals and Enforcement Flashcards

1
Q

What does a pre-trial checklist do?

A

-Check that the case management directions previously given have been complied with

-Give any further necessary directions

-Fix a date for trial

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2
Q

When is the due date to file a pre-trial checklist?

A

The due date will be at least 8 weeks prior to the trial date/trial window.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of a pre-trial review?

A

To check that the parties have complied with all previous orders and directions, and to give directions for conduct of the trial.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of a trial bundle?

A

To ensure that all relevant material is before the Court at trial so that the trial proceeds smoothly and expeditiously.

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5
Q

When must the C file the trial bundle with the Court?

A

No more than 7 days and no less than 3 clear days before the trial begins.

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6
Q

When should a reading list be lodged with the trial bundles?

A

In all High Court cases in the Chancery Division and KDB.

This must set out an estimate of the reading time the judge is likely to require to get to know the case and should be signed by all advocates.

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7
Q

When must skeleton arguments be prepared?

A

These must be prepared for High Court trials, concisely summarising the submissions to be made and citing the authorities to be relied upon

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8
Q

When must a list of authorities be submitted to the High Court before trial?

A

By 5pm the day before the hearing. It is usual to agree and exchange a list of authorities with the other side.

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9
Q

What is a case summary?

A

A short, non-contentious summary of the issues in the case should be prepared, generally agreed by the parties.

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10
Q

What is a notice to admit facts/documents and what are their purpose?

A

These notices relate to evidence.

The purpose of a notice to admit facts is to formally ask the other party to admit a particular factual point that is an issue in the case, in order to narrow the issues in dispute at trial.

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11
Q

How may a reluctant witness or an expert witness be compelled to give evidence at trial?

A

By issuing and serving on them a witness summons in Form N20.

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12
Q

What is an opponent’s representative referred to as during trial?

A

‘My learned friend’ if a barrister, or ‘my friend’ if a solicitor.

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13
Q

How should submissions be advanced at trial?

A

An advocate should never indicate what they think-submissions should be advanced using ‘it is submitted’ or ‘I submit’.

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14
Q

What is the likely order of events at trial?

A
  1. C’s opening speech
  2. C’s case-Counsel for D can cross-examine the witnesses using leading questions. Counsel may re-examine using non-leading questions
  3. D’s case-same procedure as C’s case
  4. Closing speeches-C to go last
  5. Judgments and final orders
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15
Q

When will a judge usually circulate a draft judgment by?

A

By 4pm on the second working day before handing down so the parties can prepare costs submissions.

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16
Q

What does drawing up an order mean and when must a party file a drawn up order?

A

‘Drawing up’ an order means setting the order out in the formal document to be sealed by the Court.

If an order is to be drawn up by a party, the party drawing the order up is required to file it no later than 7 days after becoming responsible for doing so.

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17
Q

When does a judgment/final order take effect?

A

A judgment/order is effective from the date it is given or made, not served.

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18
Q

What is the time limit to comply with a judgment or order for the payment of an amount of money?

A

14 days, as per CPR 40.11.

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19
Q

What is the general rule regarding costs at trial?

A

The general rule is that costs follow the event under CPR 44.

However, the Court has complete discretion in this area and can depart from the general rule in certain cases.

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20
Q

What are enforcement proceedings?

A

Enforcement proceedings are the steps taken post judgment by the successful party in order to obtain payment from the unsuccessful party, who is described as the judgment debtor.

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21
Q

What does an order to obtain information from a judgment debtor under CPR 71 require the debtor to?

A

It requires the debtor to attend court and give information directly about their assets-this is known as oral examination of a debtor.

22
Q

When must a CPR 71 order to attend Court be served on the judgment debtor?

A

Not less than 14 days before the hearing.

23
Q

Describe the enforcement procedure of Taking Control of Goods (TCG).

A

This procedure allows an enforcement officer (EO) to seize a judgment debtor’s goods and sell them in order to use the proceeds of sale to satisfy the judgment debt and expenses.

24
Q

What is a warrant of control and where is it used?

A

In the County Court, the process of TCG is commenced by issuing a warrant of control.

25
Q

What is a writ of control and where it is used?

A

In the High Court, the process of TCG is commenced by issuing a writ of control.

26
Q

If the outstanding debt sum is up to £600, where must a TCG application be filed?

A

County Court

27
Q

If the outstanding debt sum is between £600-£5,000, where must a TCG application be filed?

A

County Court or High Court

28
Q

If the outstanding debt sum is over £5,000, where must a TCG application be filed?

A

High Court

29
Q

What notice is required before taking control of any goods?

A

At least 7 clear days before taking control of any goods.

30
Q

How long does an enforcement officer have to take control of the judgment debtor’s goods?

A

12 months from the date of giving notice.

31
Q

What is a charging order?

A

This is a form of charge taken over land which secures a judgment debt. Once made, it will generally remain in place until the property is sold by the debtor.

Applications follow a two-stage procedure with an interim order followed by a final order however the process can be lengthy.

32
Q

What is a third party debt order?

A

This procedure is appropriate when there is a debt due or accruing due to a judgment debtor by a third party within the jurisdiction e.g. trade debts to a bank account.

33
Q

Can a third party debt order be obtained against a bank account in joint names of debtor and spouse?

A

No!

34
Q

What is an attachment of earnings order and when is it available?

A

An attachment of earnings order (AOE) is a legal document that allows a creditor to take money from an employee’s wages to pay an outstanding debt.

It is only used in the County Court.

35
Q

Where the debtor has moveable assets, what enforcement procedure is most appropriate?

A

TCG-transfer judgment to High Court if necessary.

36
Q

Where debts are owed by others, what enforcement procedure is most appropriate?

A

Third party debt order.

37
Q

Where the debtor owns real property, what enforcement procedure is most appropriate?

A

Charging order-but only results in payment of judgment debt when the property is sold.

38
Q

Where the debtor earns a salary from employment, what enforcement procedure is most appropriate?

A

Attachment of earnings order-only available in County Court.

39
Q

Where the nature of the debtor’s assets is unclear, what enforcement procedure is most appropriate?

A

An application under CPR 71 to require the debtor to attend Court and provide information about their assets-oral examination.

40
Q

When can a bankruptcy petition be brought against an individual/company?

A

Individual-debt is more than £5,000.

Company-debt is more than £750.

41
Q

What is a statutory demand and what happens if it remains unpaid for 21 days?

A

It is a very simple and low cost step for the judgment creditor to take and is a precursor to insolvency proceedings.

If the debt remains unpaid for a period of 21 days after service of the demand, the Court will presume the debtor is insolvent.

42
Q

When will the appeal court allow an appeal?

A

Where the decision of the lower court was either:

-Wrong; or

-Unjust because of a serious procedural or other irregularity in the proceedings in the lower court

43
Q

How may an appellant apply for permission to appeal?

A

-Apply for permission from the lower Court at the time when the original decision is made

-Make the application to the appeal Court later using Form N161

44
Q

What is the default position regarding applications for permission to appeal in the Court of Appeal?

A

The default position is that applications for permission will be determined on the papers alone, unless the judge considers otherwise (CPR 52.5).

Any oral hearing will be listed within 14 days.

45
Q

What is the default position regarding applications for permission to appeal in the County Court/High Court?

A

If the appeal court refuses the paper application for permission, the appellant may normally request within 7 days that the decision be reconsidered at an oral hearing (CPR 52.4).

If permission is refused at that oral hearing, no appeal against that decision is possible.

46
Q

What is the general rule regarding applications for appeal (including an application for permission)?

A

Must be made within 21 days of the date of the lower Court’s decision and using Form N161.

47
Q

When will the Court grant permission for first appeals?

A

Permission will only be granted where the Court considers:

-that the appeal would have a real prospect of success; or

-there is some other compelling reason why the appeal should be heard

48
Q

When will the Court of Appeal grant permission for second appeals?

A

It will not give permission unless it considers that:

-the appeal would have a real prospect of success and raise an important point of principle or practice; or

-there is some other compelling reason for the Court of Appeal to hear it

49
Q

Does an appeal operate as a stay of execution on the order of the lower Court?

A

No, the general rule is that it does not.

50
Q

What is the general rule regarding routes of appeal?

A

As a general rule, an appeal lies to the next level of judge in the Court hierarchy.

51
Q

What orders can an appeal Court make?

A

The appeal Court has all the powers of the lower Court so it could replace the lower Court’s judgment with its own.