Tri II Final Exam Flashcards
Thomas Peters
Slave who joined the black pioneers and established sierra leone
Black Pioneers
Escaped slaves who fought to maintain british rule in the colonies
Songhay Empire Location
Western Grasslands of Africa
Songhay Empire Religion
Islam
Songhay Empire Fall
Moroccan army with muskets overthrew gov’t, turned into regional kingdoms and city states
Fall of Swahili States
Vasco da Gama taxed states and the Portuguese navy came
Kongo’s relations with Portugal
Portugal provided people such as advisors, military garrisons, and artisans in exchange for the slave trade
Afonso I
Nzinga Mbemba, Kingdom of Kongo. Wrote letters to Portugal to stop slave trade but was unsuccessful. Was a very devout catholic.
Angola
Portuguese took control on Angola after Queen Nzinga died
Ndongo
(Angola) Small chiefdom to large regional empire. Big part of the slave trade
Queen Nzinga
Led resistance against Portuguese and allied with the Dutch. Fought to defend the lower Congo basin
Dutch in Africa
Allied with Queen Nzinga, had a trading post at Cape town.
Great Zimbabwe
Stone Complex built by the swahili people. Housed their kings and controlled trade.
West African center of learning
Timbuktu (Islamic learning)
Influence of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa
Most popular in commercial center of Africa. Was a blend of Islam and indigenous beliefs and customs.
Christianity in Kongo
Kings converted to establish closer relations with Portuguese. Christianity was similar to spirits that they already recognized. They transformed Christianity into the religion that they wanted.
Origins of Slave Trade
Slaves were war captives. African people would buy slaves to enlarge their families and powers. Slaves were treated pretty well.
Escalation of Slave Trade
Muslim merchant entered the Slave trade and began to sell them to the Mediterranean basin. Demand for slaves kept increasing.
Triangular Trade
Europe to Africa: Manufactured goods
Africa to Americas: Slaves
Americas to Europe: Sugar
Middle Passage
The voyage that slave took from Africa to the Americas
Slave revolts
Unsuccessful except for in the case of Saint-Domingue
End of slave trade
Influenced by American and French revolutions. Denmark was the first to abolish slave trade in 1803.
Matteo Ricci
An Italian Jesuit who went to the Ming dynasty to convert Chinese to Christianity.
Ming Dynasty
Drove out mongols, built a powerful centralized state, and restored Chinese traditions and Confucianism.
Yongle
Supported the complication of the Yongle Encyclopedia. Supported naval expeditions, moved capital to beijing, and designed the Forbidden City.
Ming Foreign Policy
Eradicated Mongols and other foreign influences
Qing Dynasty ruling philosophy
Manchus held high positions, Centralized state, Confucianism
“Son of Heaven”
Believed they had heavenly powers on earth and they were in charge of maintaining order on earth. Lived in the Forbidden City.
Significance of Foot Binding
Showed wealth, better marriages, patriarchal dominance
Female Status in Ming and Qing Dynastys
Bad. Female infanticide, widow suicide.
Foreign trade during Ming Dynasty
Trade threatened scholar bureaucrats. Kangxi began to strictly control foreign trade.
China was weaker than the west because… (Ming and Qing dynasties)
The Ming and Qing dynasties found technology disruptive
Social Classes in Ming China
Peasants, workers/artisans, merchants
Confucian social classes
Noblemen, bureaucrats, mandarins, eunuchs, Peasants, Workers/artisans, merchants, mean people
Reason for lack of Chinese converts to Christianity
Christianity was an exclusive religion.
Daimyo
“Great Names” territorial lords who ruled Japan. Had to be controlled by Shoguns.
Shogun
Military leader that led Japan and received political rights and land in exchange for service
Japanese foreign policy (1630)
Tightly restricted
Tokugawa Period
A period in Japan where Neo- Confucianism became popular and stability came to Japan.
Shintoism
Religion of Japan. Veneration of ancestors and the belief in nature spirits and deities.
Taj Mahal
Built by Shah Jahan as a mosque and tomb for his wife
Religion of Mughal, Safavid, and Ottomans
Islam
Ghazi
Muslim religious warriors
Devshirme
The law that every Christian family had to contribute a son to the Sultan for slavery
Janissaries
The boy slaves by law who became soldiers.
Fall of Constantinople
Mehmed the Conqueror and became Istanbul
Twelver Shiism
Ismail proclaimed this the religion of Tabriz. “Red Heads” Muslims thought this was blasphemy.
Safi al Din
Leader of the Sufis in NW Persia