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History > Tri II Final Exam > Flashcards

Tri II Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Thomas Peters

A

Slave who joined the black pioneers and established sierra leone

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2
Q

Black Pioneers

A

Escaped slaves who fought to maintain british rule in the colonies

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3
Q

Songhay Empire Location

A

Western Grasslands of Africa

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4
Q

Songhay Empire Religion

A

Islam

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5
Q

Songhay Empire Fall

A

Moroccan army with muskets overthrew gov’t, turned into regional kingdoms and city states

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6
Q

Fall of Swahili States

A

Vasco da Gama taxed states and the Portuguese navy came

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7
Q

Kongo’s relations with Portugal

A

Portugal provided people such as advisors, military garrisons, and artisans in exchange for the slave trade

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8
Q

Afonso I

A

Nzinga Mbemba, Kingdom of Kongo. Wrote letters to Portugal to stop slave trade but was unsuccessful. Was a very devout catholic.

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9
Q

Angola

A

Portuguese took control on Angola after Queen Nzinga died

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10
Q

Ndongo

A

(Angola) Small chiefdom to large regional empire. Big part of the slave trade

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11
Q

Queen Nzinga

A

Led resistance against Portuguese and allied with the Dutch. Fought to defend the lower Congo basin

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12
Q

Dutch in Africa

A

Allied with Queen Nzinga, had a trading post at Cape town.

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13
Q

Great Zimbabwe

A

Stone Complex built by the swahili people. Housed their kings and controlled trade.

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14
Q

West African center of learning

A

Timbuktu (Islamic learning)

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15
Q

Influence of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa

A

Most popular in commercial center of Africa. Was a blend of Islam and indigenous beliefs and customs.

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16
Q

Christianity in Kongo

A

Kings converted to establish closer relations with Portuguese. Christianity was similar to spirits that they already recognized. They transformed Christianity into the religion that they wanted.

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17
Q

Origins of Slave Trade

A

Slaves were war captives. African people would buy slaves to enlarge their families and powers. Slaves were treated pretty well.

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18
Q

Escalation of Slave Trade

A

Muslim merchant entered the Slave trade and began to sell them to the Mediterranean basin. Demand for slaves kept increasing.

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19
Q

Triangular Trade

A

Europe to Africa: Manufactured goods
Africa to Americas: Slaves
Americas to Europe: Sugar

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20
Q

Middle Passage

A

The voyage that slave took from Africa to the Americas

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21
Q

Slave revolts

A

Unsuccessful except for in the case of Saint-Domingue

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22
Q

End of slave trade

A

Influenced by American and French revolutions. Denmark was the first to abolish slave trade in 1803.

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23
Q

Matteo Ricci

A

An Italian Jesuit who went to the Ming dynasty to convert Chinese to Christianity.

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24
Q

Ming Dynasty

A

Drove out mongols, built a powerful centralized state, and restored Chinese traditions and Confucianism.

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25
Q

Yongle

A

Supported the complication of the Yongle Encyclopedia. Supported naval expeditions, moved capital to beijing, and designed the Forbidden City.

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26
Q

Ming Foreign Policy

A

Eradicated Mongols and other foreign influences

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27
Q

Qing Dynasty ruling philosophy

A

Manchus held high positions, Centralized state, Confucianism

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28
Q

“Son of Heaven”

A

Believed they had heavenly powers on earth and they were in charge of maintaining order on earth. Lived in the Forbidden City.

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29
Q

Significance of Foot Binding

A

Showed wealth, better marriages, patriarchal dominance

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30
Q

Female Status in Ming and Qing Dynastys

A

Bad. Female infanticide, widow suicide.

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31
Q

Foreign trade during Ming Dynasty

A

Trade threatened scholar bureaucrats. Kangxi began to strictly control foreign trade.

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32
Q

China was weaker than the west because… (Ming and Qing dynasties)

A

The Ming and Qing dynasties found technology disruptive

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33
Q

Social Classes in Ming China

A

Peasants, workers/artisans, merchants

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34
Q

Confucian social classes

A

Noblemen, bureaucrats, mandarins, eunuchs, Peasants, Workers/artisans, merchants, mean people

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35
Q

Reason for lack of Chinese converts to Christianity

A

Christianity was an exclusive religion.

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36
Q

Daimyo

A

“Great Names” territorial lords who ruled Japan. Had to be controlled by Shoguns.

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37
Q

Shogun

A

Military leader that led Japan and received political rights and land in exchange for service

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38
Q

Japanese foreign policy (1630)

A

Tightly restricted

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39
Q

Tokugawa Period

A

A period in Japan where Neo- Confucianism became popular and stability came to Japan.

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40
Q

Shintoism

A

Religion of Japan. Veneration of ancestors and the belief in nature spirits and deities.

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41
Q

Taj Mahal

A

Built by Shah Jahan as a mosque and tomb for his wife

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42
Q

Religion of Mughal, Safavid, and Ottomans

A

Islam

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43
Q

Ghazi

A

Muslim religious warriors

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44
Q

Devshirme

A

The law that every Christian family had to contribute a son to the Sultan for slavery

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45
Q

Janissaries

A

The boy slaves by law who became soldiers.

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46
Q

Fall of Constantinople

A

Mehmed the Conqueror and became Istanbul

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47
Q

Twelver Shiism

A

Ismail proclaimed this the religion of Tabriz. “Red Heads” Muslims thought this was blasphemy.

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48
Q

Safi al Din

A

Leader of the Sufis in NW Persia

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49
Q

Shah Ismail

A

Took over Tabriz and used propaganda. Was twelve when he took Tabriz.

50
Q

Founding of the Mughal Dynasty

A

Babur, invaded India and seized Delhi

51
Q

Mughal religious ideas

A

religious tolerance “Divine faith”

52
Q

Aurangzeb

A

Mughal emperor reinstated the Jizya and was very pro Islam

53
Q

Sikhism

A

combo of Hinduism and Islam (tolerated under Akbar)

54
Q

Isfahan

A

Safavid Empire, was small with a natural setting.

55
Q

Istanbul

A

Ottoman Empire, was very large

56
Q

Decline of the Islamic Empires

A

Bad emperors and fights between powerful families

57
Q

Most important accomplishment of the Sui Dynasty

A

Water project (canal)

58
Q

Expansion during tang

A

Mongolia and Vietnam

59
Q

Buddhism during Tang Dynasty

A

Was supported and popular

60
Q

Founder of the Song Dynasty

A

Song Taizu

61
Q

Hagia Sophia

A

Justinian’s biggest accomplishment. Church with dome

62
Q

Justinian

A

Hagia Sohia, codified roman laws (Corpus iuris civilus), Theodora=wife, plague happened while he was emperor

63
Q

Beginning of Middle Ages

A

500ish

64
Q

feudalism

A

Political and Social order of medieval Europe.

65
Q

Great Schism of 1054

A

The Church broke into two. Eastern and Western

66
Q

Origins of Russia

A

Eastern Slavs and Finno-Ugric peoples. Adopted Christianity from the byzantines.

67
Q

Delhi Sultanate founder and where

A

Qutb-ud-din Aibak, North India

68
Q

Mongol Khanates

A

Golden Horde, il khanate, khanate of Chagatai, and the Great Khan

69
Q

Tamerlane

A

Weakened Golden Horde, capital at Samarkand.

70
Q

Bantu migrations

A

Bantu nomadic people moved all over spreading their language all over Africa

71
Q

Mali Founding

A

Lion Prince Sundiati built mali Empire

72
Q

Mali Economy

A

Taxed trans saharan trade

73
Q

Viking Exploration

A

Found Greenland, Iceland, and the Americas

74
Q

Reconquista

A

Spain took back Granada from muslims

75
Q

Inquisition

A

Catholic Church sent out inquisitors to find heretics, this was when brutal torture methods were created.

76
Q

Iberia

A

Where Spain and Portugal are located

77
Q

Islamic cities of Spain

A

The Reconquista drove out all muslims.

78
Q

Origins and impacts of the Crusades

A

Pope Urban II launched them. Meant to stabilize and expand the borders of Christendom. Caused a large-scale exchange of ideas, technologies, and trade goods.

79
Q

Aztec gov’t

A

The military elite ruled, just took tribute from those they conquered, no standing army

80
Q

Aztec religion

A

Had gods which they gave human sacrifices to in order to prevent an apocalypse, honor the gods, ensure agricultural success, and show the gov’ts power

81
Q

Aztec economy

A

Agriculture and Trade

82
Q

Inca Gov’t

A

Emperor, military, and bureaucratic elite

83
Q

Inca religion

A

Sun is a god with many other natural sources being divine. Sacrificed animals but not humans. Believed in sin, penance, and confession.

84
Q

Inca Economy

A

No market economy, no large class of artisans, no independent merchants

85
Q

Quipu

A

Inca mnemonic device

86
Q

Chinampas

A

Agriculture system used by the Aztecs, grew crops on floating islands made of straw

87
Q

Ibn Battuta

A

Moroccan legal scholar who traveled extensively as an Islamic Judge

88
Q

Melaka

A

Seized by Afonso de Albuquerque

89
Q

Marco Polo

A

Famous Venetian Scholar who stayed in the Court of Khubliai Khan

90
Q

Origin of Cotton in Africa

A

Muslims introduced cotton to Africa.

91
Q

Individualism

A

a focus on glorification of the individual person

92
Q

Secularism

A

a focus on earthly matters

93
Q

Humanism

A

studying works on ancient Greece and Rome

94
Q

Zheng He

A

Chinese admiral who made seven journeys of Exploration. Was a Eunuch

95
Q

Duomo

A

Brunelleshi’s dome. Cathedral in Florence Italy.

96
Q

Motives for European exploration

A

the search for basic resources, establish new trade routes to Asian Markets, expand Christianity

97
Q

Exploration of the Pacific Ocean

A

English looked for Northwest passage, Russians were also exploring there (Vitus Bering)

98
Q

Spanish Trade

A

Had a commercial hub at Manila, Philippines

99
Q

Russian expansion into Siberia

A

Fur caused the russians to expand eastward

100
Q

Reasons for reformation

A

popes led extravagant lifestyles, clergy was uneducated, sale of indulgences

101
Q

95 theses

A

made by Martin luther, were very opposed towards the sale of indulgences.

102
Q

Causes of Reformation in England

A

Mostly Political, Henry VIII needed a divorce from his wife and the pope would not give him one.

103
Q

John Calvin

A

Founded calvinism and a protestant community in Geneva, Switzerland

104
Q

Council of Trent

A

Difined Catholic reformation and goals. Addressed matters of doctrine and reform. Looked at the works of Thomas Aquinas and set strict standards of morals for those worked in the church. Also required priests to be better educated

105
Q

Jesuits

A

Ignatius Loyola founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Jesuits were great missionaries. Believed in Education mixed with religion. Were very disciplined

106
Q

Causes and Effects of witch hunts

A

Cause: People couldn’t explain the things around them
Effect: Blamed people who were outcasts in society

107
Q

Charles V and the end of the Holy Roman Empire

A

Ended because he was unable to centralize authority

108
Q

Ptolemaic Universe

A

Universal theory with earth at the center. Geocentric, church endorsed this theory

109
Q

Early scientific discoveries of the 1500s

A

Telescope: Galileo Galilei
Globe: Martin Beham

110
Q

Ideas of the Enlightenment

A

Rational analysis, Deism, and the Theory of Progress

111
Q

Social Structure in Spanish America

A
  1. Penninsularies
  2. Creoles
  3. Mestizos
  4. Slaves
112
Q

Encomenderos

A

Spanish settlers

113
Q

Spanish Colonial Gov’t

A
  1. King of Spain
  2. Viceroy
  3. Audiencias
  4. Settlers
114
Q

Impact of Europeans on Native populations

A

Europeans brought disease, populations went down.

115
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

1494 pope had Spain and Portugal sign a treaty which divided the world in half by the both south line of 370 league west of the Azores and Cape Verde Islands. Spain gets west, Portugal east.

116
Q

Economy of Brazil

A

Nobles won land grants and started to produce sugar

117
Q

Economy of Spanish colonies

A

mostly based on mining but also some agriculture

118
Q

Settlement of Australia

A

Settled by convicts from England

119
Q

Magellan’s trip’s impact

A

Discovered Guam, and Manila in the Philippines (This was where magellan was killed), and were the first CREW to circumnavigate the world.

120
Q

Conquest of Aztecs

A

Conquered by Hernan Cortes. Allied with surrounding tribes of the Aztecs and kidnapped emperor Motecuhzoma II.

121
Q

Conquest of Incas

A

Francisco Pizarro. Followed the example of Hernan Cortes with the Aztecs by kidnapping king Atahualpa

History (5 decks)

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