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AP Gov Final > Tri 2 Final > Flashcards

Tri 2 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

The emphasis the media places on its role as “scorekeeper” might come at the cost of attention to what?

A

policies

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2
Q

One of Jimmy Carter’s signal achievements in dealing with the press in the 1976 primary campaign was what?

A

getting himself mentioned frequently

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3
Q

Who does research suggest has turned their interests away from political news?

A

Young people

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4
Q

Why is Joint Operating Agreements important to consider when assessing the competition and diversity of viewpoints among newspapers?

A

They allow businesses to own more than one paper in a large city

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5
Q

Politicians wishing to make news are well advised to criticize whom?

A

The president

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6
Q

Compare the average sound bite of a presidential contender in 2000 to the average sound bite of such contenders in 1968.

A

In 2000 the sound bite of a presidential contender was considerably shorter than the average sound bite in 1968

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7
Q

The invention of radio was a politically important media development why?

A

It allowed public officials to reach the public in a less filtered manner

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8
Q

What are the achievements of the mass-based press, exemplified by Hearst and Pulitzer?

A

beginning the creation of national political culture, providing feasibility pf press free of public control, revealing scandal, and criticizing public policy

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9
Q

What was the milestone in the development of a reasonably nonpartisan and unbiased press?

A

The establishment of the Associated Press in 1848

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10
Q

membership organizations that rely on purposive incentives tend to be shaped by what?

A

The mood of the times

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11
Q

Politicians have become more heavily dependent on the media why?

A

Political party organizations have declined

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12
Q

When CBS News ran a story claiming President Bush performed poorly during his time in the National Guard, these people produced evidence that the documents underlying the report were forgeries.

A

Bloggers

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13
Q

What is a valence issue rather than a position issue?

A

Wasted Tax Dollars

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14
Q

When a voter casts a clothespin vote, he or she picks who?

A

The least objectAble candidate

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15
Q

Voters at the Iowa Democratic caucuses, compared with other Democrats from Iowa, tend to be what?

A

More Liberal

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16
Q

In order to win the party nomination candidates need to appear particularly what?

A

Conservative if Republican, Liberal if Democratic

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17
Q

The states did little about malapportionment and gerrymandering until ordered to do by whom?

A

The supreme court

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18
Q

In 1911, Congress fixed the size of the House at how many members?

A

435

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19
Q

Who, according to the text, is least likely to be elected president?

A

A current member of the senate

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20
Q

What statement best reflects the relationship between popular presidential candidates and congressional candidates of the same party?

A

The has been a sharp decline in the benefit of presidential coattails for congressional candidates

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21
Q

Explain the difference between presidential and congressional races

A

Presidential races are more competitive
More people vote in presidential elections
Congressional Incumbents usually win
Presidents can rarely take credit for improvements in a district

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22
Q

A major difference between presidential and congressional campaigns is what?

A

Congressional incumbents can more easily duck responsibility

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23
Q

Explain how national newspapers may work to influence campaigns?

A

Distribute millions of copies on daily basis, carefully followed by elites, radio and tv follow what they say, higher education than the other papers

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24
Q

In America, candidates win party nominations primarily through what?

A

Indidvidual effort

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25
Q

Campaigning has largely become synonymous with what?

A

fundraising

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26
Q

research suggests political ads of this type wield the greatest influence over voters with the greatest interest in politics

A

appeal to emotion

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27
Q

What are the major changes in elections in campaigns

A

debates and more important

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28
Q

ralph nader rose to national prominence on what issue?

A

auto safety

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29
Q

purpose incentives involve what?

A

the appeal of a stated goal

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30
Q

When Illinois farmers bureau offers its members discount prices and the chance to purchase low cost insurance it is providing what?

A

material incentives

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31
Q

Solidary incentives involve what?

A

a sense of companionship, pleasure, statues

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32
Q

Americans have an unusually high rate of membership types of organizations?

A

Religious, civic and political organizations

33
Q

Americans are less likely than the British to join what types of organizations ?

A

Labor unions

34
Q

It is often said that Americans are a nation of what?

A

joiners

35
Q

Im the landmark case US v Harris (1954) the supreme court ruled the government can require what?

A

Require info from groups that try to influence legislation

36
Q

The great manority of public interest lobbies were established when?

A

after 1960

37
Q

Professional societies of doctors and lawyers first gained importance when?

A

When state governments gave them authority to decide qualifications for professions

38
Q

Large labor unions had no reason to exist until what era

A

mass production industry

39
Q

the great era of organization building in america occurred during what years

A

1900-1920

40
Q

where political parties are strong, interest groups are likely to be what?

A

weak

41
Q

im the federalist papers, madison took the position that the causes of faction can be found in what

A

the nature of man

42
Q

how often does a new congress convenes?

A

every two years

43
Q

Political scientists define a safe district as one where the incumbent received what percent or more of the vote in the previous election

A

55%

44
Q

What happened when a state attempted to impose term limits on its own members of congress

A

the supreme court struck it down

45
Q

When did serving im congress become a career

A

1950s

46
Q

Why was serving in congress become a career in the 1860s

A

The federal government was not very important, travel to washington DC was difficult, the job did not pay well, washington was a shitty place to live

47
Q

in 1994 who became the first Native American elected to the senate

A

Ben Nighthorse Campbell

48
Q

Describe the typical representative or senator

A

White, Male, Protestant Lawyer

49
Q

Originally, filibusters were sixteenth century what

A

pirates

50
Q

Which amendment changed the manner in which U S senators are selected

A

17th

51
Q

Until 1913 how were senators elected

A

picked by state legislators

52
Q

in the twentieth century the trend in congressional decision making has been toward what

A

decentralization

53
Q

contemporary critics of congress disagree with the framers vision pf congress is what

A

they wish to end policy gridlock by making changes capable of speedily adopting sweeping changes in national policies

54
Q

whereas the principle work of a parliament is debate, that of a congress is what?

A

representation and action

55
Q

how does a person ordinarily become a candidate for representative or senator

A

running in a primary election

56
Q

in a parliamentary system the prime minister is chosen by whom?

A

legislature

57
Q

Explain the difference between the US President and British prime ministers

A

Presidents and legislature often work at cross purposes, prime ministers works directly with legislature

58
Q

The text suggests that policy gridlock is a necessary consequence of what

A

representative democracy

59
Q

Who called for something like an elective monarchy here in the united states?

A

alexander hamilton

60
Q

which amendment formally limited presidents to two terms

A

22nd

61
Q

Establishing the legitimacy of the presidency in the early years was made easier by the fact that the national government

A

had relatively little to do

62
Q

Andrew Jacksons use of the veto power was conspicuous why?

A

he used it more than every other president before him

63
Q

Jacksons view of a strong and independent presidency became

A

the norm a century later

64
Q

What actions did Abraham Lincoln take without prior congressional approval

A

raised an army
spent money
blockaded southern ports
suspended habeas corpus

65
Q

Today winning the presidency means a candidate must get how many electoral votes

A

270

66
Q

The elimination of the Electoral College might do what

A

encourage third parties

67
Q

What presidential power is not a shared power

A

pardoning power

68
Q

The greatest source of presidential power is found in what

A

politics and public opinion

69
Q

The text suggests that the ability of a presidential assistant to influence the president is governed by the rule of

A

propinquity

70
Q

Which organizational structure runs the risk of isolating or misinforming the president

A

pyramid structure

71
Q

Which organizational structure lends itself to confusion and conflict

A

circular structure

72
Q

The office of management and budget both assembles the presidents budget and

A

reviews departmental legislative proposals

73
Q

Which modern president is almost the only one

given credit for coming close to making his cabinet a truly deliberative body

A

Dwight D Eisenhower

74
Q

The main difference between a presidential agency and an independent agency is that heads of the former

A

serve at the presidents discretion

75
Q

Give as many statements regarding acting appointments as you can

A

Such appointees hold office till senate acts on nominations
president sees their allowance as a necessity
contrary to vacancy act 1868 appointees hold office for months without nomination

76
Q

In recent administrations there has been a tendency for presidents to place in their cabinet people known for their what

A

expertise

77
Q

of the three audiences that the president confronts the one that is most often important for maintaining and exercising power is

A

other politicians and leaders in washington

78
Q

There is noticeable decline in the number of these held by recent presidents

A

press conferences

79
Q

The personal popularity of the president affects what most directly

A

how congress treats legislative proposal

AP Gov Final (10 decks)

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