Chapter 10 Vocab Flashcards
Caucus (party)
A meeting of party followers in which party delegates are selected
Closed Primary
A primary election where only registered party members may vote for the party’s nominee
Democrats
People who have a liberal position
Direct Mail
A mailing from an interest group focused at a specialized audience whose purpose is both to raise money and mobilize supporters
527 Organizations
Organizations under section 527 of the internal revenue code that raise and spend money to advance political causes
General Elections
An election held to choose which candidate will hold office
Gerrymandering
Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusal shapes to favor one party
Incumbent
Person already in office
Independent
Person who runs without specific party platform
Open Primary
a primary election where all voters (regardless of party membership) may vote for the party’s nominee
PAC
A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations
Positive Issue
An issues in which rival candidates have opposing views but that divides the voters.
Presidential Primary
Elections in which voters in a state vote for a candidate (or delegates pledged to him or her). Most delegates to the national party conventions are chosen this way.
Primary Elections
Elections held to choose the person for a particular party in the presidential race
Prospective Voting
Voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas regarding issues
Red States
States that usually vote Republican
Republican
Elephant party whose platform is based on primarily conservative social & fiscal policies
Retrospective Voting
Voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office
Runoff Primary
A second primary held when no one wins the first primarys majority
Soft Money
funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities. Such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not a behalf f a specific candidate
Sophomore Surge
People in same party as president will run the same year as them because of the amount of people who come out to vote
Spots
Paid advertising for a candidate in an election, has little outcome for election
Talking heads
Televised Pictures showing nothing but individuals speaking
Visuals
News broadcasting for a candidate in an election. They cost little, and give more credibility to some voters
Four ways Congressional and Presidential elections differ
- ) fewer people vote in congressional elections
- ) congressional are less competitive
- ) congressional incumbents can service the people in their district
- ) congressional people can duck responsibility
Major Changes in election campaigns?
Debates are way more important now
Campaigning has largely become synonymous with?
Fundraising
Major difference between presidential and congressional campaigns is what?
Congressional incumbents can duck responsibility more easily
What statement best reflects the relationship between popular presidential candidates and congressional candidates of the same party?
there has been a strong decrease in the effects of coatailing the president
Federal laws restrict the amount that any individual can give to a candidate to how much in each election?
2,000
Blanket Primaries
Primary Election in which each voter can voter for candidates from each election
Blue States
States in primary elections that vote mainly democratic
Malapportionment
describes a distribution of representatives within a legislative body that is unequal or unfair
Federal law restricts the amount that a PAC can give to a candidate to how much in each election?
5,000
According to the text, what is a critical problem to solve in deciding who gets represented in the house?
- ) allocating seats in the house among the states
- ) determining shape of district (gerrymandering)
- ) size of district (population)
- ) establishing total size of the house
Former House Speaker Thomas P. “Tip” O’Neill famously said “All Politics is _______”
local
When a voter casts a clothespin vote, he or she picks who?
the least worst person
Research suggest political ads that wield the greatest influence over voters
Compare and contrast candidates
In America, candidates win party nominations primarily through
Individual effort
According to the text, who is probably least likely to be elected president?
Current member of the senate
In the 1992 election, Bill Clinton chose as a theme
we need change
The text suggests _____are “a volatile group” and “thus quick to change parties.
farmers
In the 2000 election,George W. Bush chose as a theme
compassionate conservatism
In 1911, Congress fixed the size of the House of Representatives at ______ members
435
The states did little about malapportionment and gerrymandering until ordered to do so by
the supreme court
In order to win the party nomination, candidates need to appear particularly
liberal if Democrats, conservative if Republicans
Which of the following is a valence issue rather than a position issue?
wasted tax dollars
In a(n) ___ primary, voters must declare themselves registered members of a party in advance
closed
What statements concerning research on political advertising and TV news programs is correct?
commercials contain info remembered/evaluated by the public
Debates can have considerable impact on the opinions of potential voters, this case is proof
Ross Perot in 1992
Blacks and Jews have been loyal supporters of
democrats
