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AP Gov Final > Chapter 10 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Caucus (party)

A

A meeting of party followers in which party delegates are selected

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2
Q

Closed Primary

A

A primary election where only registered party members may vote for the party’s nominee

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3
Q

Democrats

A

People who have a liberal position

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4
Q

Direct Mail

A

A mailing from an interest group focused at a specialized audience whose purpose is both to raise money and mobilize supporters

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5
Q

527 Organizations

A

Organizations under section 527 of the internal revenue code that raise and spend money to advance political causes

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6
Q

General Elections

A

An election held to choose which candidate will hold office

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7
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusal shapes to favor one party

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8
Q

Incumbent

A

Person already in office

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9
Q

Independent

A

Person who runs without specific party platform

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10
Q

Open Primary

A

a primary election where all voters (regardless of party membership) may vote for the party’s nominee

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11
Q

PAC

A

A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations

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12
Q

Positive Issue

A

An issues in which rival candidates have opposing views but that divides the voters.

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13
Q

Presidential Primary

A

Elections in which voters in a state vote for a candidate (or delegates pledged to him or her). Most delegates to the national party conventions are chosen this way.

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14
Q

Primary Elections

A

Elections held to choose the person for a particular party in the presidential race

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15
Q

Prospective Voting

A

Voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas regarding issues

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16
Q

Red States

A

States that usually vote Republican

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17
Q

Republican

A

Elephant party whose platform is based on primarily conservative social & fiscal policies

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18
Q

Retrospective Voting

A

Voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office

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19
Q

Runoff Primary

A

A second primary held when no one wins the first primarys majority

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20
Q

Soft Money

A

funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities. Such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not a behalf f a specific candidate

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21
Q

Sophomore Surge

A

People in same party as president will run the same year as them because of the amount of people who come out to vote

22
Q

Spots

A

Paid advertising for a candidate in an election, has little outcome for election

23
Q

Talking heads

A

Televised Pictures showing nothing but individuals speaking

24
Q

Visuals

A

News broadcasting for a candidate in an election. They cost little, and give more credibility to some voters

25
Q

Four ways Congressional and Presidential elections differ

A
  1. ) fewer people vote in congressional elections
  2. ) congressional are less competitive
  3. ) congressional incumbents can service the people in their district
  4. ) congressional people can duck responsibility
26
Q

Major Changes in election campaigns?

A

Debates are way more important now

27
Q

Campaigning has largely become synonymous with?

A

Fundraising

28
Q

Major difference between presidential and congressional campaigns is what?

A

Congressional incumbents can duck responsibility more easily

29
Q

What statement best reflects the relationship between popular presidential candidates and congressional candidates of the same party?

A

there has been a strong decrease in the effects of coatailing the president

30
Q

Federal laws restrict the amount that any individual can give to a candidate to how much in each election?

A

2,000

31
Q

Blanket Primaries

A

Primary Election in which each voter can voter for candidates from each election

32
Q

Blue States

A

States in primary elections that vote mainly democratic

33
Q

Malapportionment

A

describes a distribution of representatives within a legislative body that is unequal or unfair

34
Q

Federal law restricts the amount that a PAC can give to a candidate to how much in each election?

A

5,000

35
Q

According to the text, what is a critical problem to solve in deciding who gets represented in the house?

A
  1. ) allocating seats in the house among the states
  2. ) determining shape of district (gerrymandering)
  3. ) size of district (population)
  4. ) establishing total size of the house
36
Q

Former House Speaker Thomas P. “Tip” O’Neill famously said “All Politics is _______”

A

local

37
Q

When a voter casts a clothespin vote, he or she picks who?

A

the least worst person

38
Q

Research suggest political ads that wield the greatest influence over voters

A

Compare and contrast candidates

39
Q

In America, candidates win party nominations primarily through

A

Individual effort

40
Q

According to the text, who is probably least likely to be elected president?

A

Current member of the senate

41
Q

In the 1992 election, Bill Clinton chose as a theme

A

we need change

42
Q

The text suggests _____are “a volatile group” and “thus quick to change parties.

A

farmers

43
Q

In the 2000 election,George W. Bush chose as a theme

A

compassionate conservatism

44
Q

In 1911, Congress fixed the size of the House of Representatives at ______ members

A

435

45
Q

The states did little about malapportionment and gerrymandering until ordered to do so by

A

the supreme court

46
Q

In order to win the party nomination, candidates need to appear particularly

A

liberal if Democrats, conservative if Republicans

47
Q

Which of the following is a valence issue rather than a position issue?

A

wasted tax dollars

48
Q

In a(n) ___ primary, voters must declare themselves registered members of a party in advance

A

closed

49
Q

What statements concerning research on political advertising and TV news programs is correct?

A

commercials contain info remembered/evaluated by the public

50
Q

Debates can have considerable impact on the opinions of potential voters, this case is proof

A

Ross Perot in 1992

51
Q

Blacks and Jews have been loyal supporters of

A

democrats

AP Gov Final (10 decks)

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