Chapter 12 Vocab & Questions Flashcards
Adversarial Press
The tendency of the national media to be suspicious of officials and eager to reveal unflattering stories about them
Associated Press
An organization founded for the telegraphic dissemination of news in 1848.
Attack journalism
journalism that seizes on information that might question the character or qualifications of a public official
Blog
a series or log of discussion items in a page online
Canned News
Press releases or other news items prepared for reporters
Community News
an official criterion for the renewal of broadcast licenses
Equal Time Rule
an obligation for broadcasters to give all candidates equal access to the media
Fairness Doctrine
a principle that formerly obligated broadcasters to present both sides of an issue
FCC
the government agency charged with regulating the electronic media
Feature Stories
public events not regularly covered by reporters
Freedom Of Information Act
U S legislation guareenting citizens access to certain government documents
Gatekeeper
role of the media which involves influencing what subjects become national political issues and for how long
Insider Stories
Events that become public only if revealed to reporters
Loaded Language
words that reflect a value judgement, used to persuade the listener without making an argument
Market
an area easily reached by one television signal
Official Secrets Act
British legislation to punish officials who divulge private government business
Off the Record
Info from an official that cannot be printed with their name
On Background
“Information from an official” that can be printed but not attributed to the official name
On Deep Background
information from an official that can be printed but not attributed to anything
On the Record
Information from a government official who can be quoted by name
Reckless Disregard
a court standard for finding the media guilty of libeling officials
Routine Stories
public events regularly covered by reporters
Scorekeeper
role of media which concerns the making of political reputations by providing coverage and mentioning candidates
Selective attention
The tendency of people to see what they like and ignore what they do
Sound Bite
a brief statement no longer than a few seconds used on a radio pr television broadcast
Telecommunication act of 1996
let anyone enter any communications business compete in any market against any other
Trial balloon
international news leak for the purpose of assessing the political reaction
Visuals
a filmed episode showing a candidate doing something newsworthy
White House Press Corps
large white house staff that meets with reporters, briefs the president on questions he is likely to be asked, attempts to control the flow pf news from cabinet departments to the press, and arranges briefings for out of town editors
Yellow Journalism
sensationalized stories to sell newspapers
- Our Media enjoy a greater degree of freedom than that found in almost any other nation
True
- It is more difficult for politicians to sue newspapers for libel in Great Britain than it is in America
False, its the opposite
- Leaks are punished in Great Britain via the Official Secrets Act
True
- America has a long tradition of privately owned media
True
- In the early years of the Republic, newspapers were relatively unbiased and placed a premium on reporting “just the facts”
False, they were all very biased
*Randolph Hearst used his newspaper to agitate for war
True
*The majority of today’s magazines focus on entertainment and leisure activities
True
*In 1992, Ross Perot declared his willingness to run for the presidency on the television program “Meet the Press”
False, it was Larry King
- The text suggests one way to capture the media spotlight is to be supportive of the president
False, its critical, not supportive
- When Howard Dean ran for presidency in 2004, most of the money he raised was from Internet appeals
True
*Due to lack of regulation, there has been an increase in the number of daily newspapers that serve large communities
False, there was been a decrease
*The typical American newspaper has more local than national news in it.
True
- The wire services provide most of the national news that local papers publish
True
*Newspaper reporters have less freedom to develop their own stories than radio and television reporters.
False, they have more freedom than tv and radio
*Newspapers and magazines need no license to publish in the United States
True
*In general, your name and picture can be printed without your consent if they are part of a news story pf some conceivable public interest.
True
*If a paper attacks you in print, it has a legal obligation to allow you space to reply
False, it absolutely does not
*Licenses for radio stations must be renewed every seven years.
True
*Licenses for television stations must be renewed every five years
True
*Television Broadcasting has been deregulated more than radio
False, it is more regulated than radio
*A few large corporations now own most of the big market radio stations
True
*Today, stations and networks can sponsor debates, but they must invite all candidates
False, they dont have to invite anyone
*Members of the House at more likely to use television ads than members of the Senate
False, its the opposite because senators are more popular
*Members of the media are more likely to support Democratic candidates for President
True
*The public perception is that the news media is conservative
False, its liberal
*Talk Radio is predominately conservative
True
*In France and Great Britain, newspapers often identify with one party or the other
True
*A study of the Times and the Post revealed liberal memebers of Congress were much more likely to be labeled liberal than conservative members to be conservative
False, conservative members are more likely to be labeled
*Public distrust of the media has grown
True
*What the press covers affects the policy issues that people think are important.
True
*Congress did not allow live coverage of committee hearings until the House considered the impeachment of Richard Nixon
True
*American government is one of the least leakiest in the world
False, it is the most
*There are fewer leaks to members of the media where governments are more decentralized
False, there are more
*today, journalists are far less willing to accept at face value the statements of elected officials
True
*Most Americans oppose the idea of imposing fines for inaccurate or “biased” reporting
False, 70% want it
*The text suggests “negative” attack ads are used because they work
True
*Research indicates “negative” ads are associated with increased voter turnout
False, it has a decrease
*Newspapers knew that Franklin Roosevelt had a romantic affair in the 1930s but did not report it
True
Politicians have become more heavily dependent on the media, why?
Political parties have declined, making people turn to media for info
What were some achievements of the mass-based press, exemplified by Hearst and Pulitzer?
- Beginning of creation of national political culture
- Proving feasibility of press
- Free of gov subsidy or control
- Revealing public scandal
- Criticizing public policy
The invention of radio was a politically important media development why?
Allowed public officials to reach public in a less filtered manner
Politicians wishing to make news are well advised to criticize who?
The president
One of Jimmy Carters signal achievements in dealing with the press in the 1976 primary campaign was what?
Getting himself mentioned frequently
In the late 1980s the “watchdog” function of the media was notable in the case of the front running Democratic presidential nominee, Gary Hart, who was accused of what?
Extra marital relations
One something is published, a newspaper may be sued or prosecuted if the material is?
Libelous, obscene, insights someone to commit an illegal act
When CBS came out with a story claiming President Bush performed poorly in the National Guard, who produced evidence that the report was a forgery?
The bloggers
