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TROT > Trench Manual > Flashcards

Trench Manual Flashcards

1
Q

Trench
p. 25

A

An excavation that is narrow in relation to its length, made below the surface of the ground. In general, the depth is greater than the width, but the with of the trench measured at the bottom is not greater than 15 feet.

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2
Q

Trench is usually cut (excavated) for…
p. 25

A

To install or replace a utility (gas, water, electric or sewer). When cut the vertical pressure of the soil is still resisted, but the horizontal pressure does not have anything holding it in place.

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3
Q

Excavation

A

Any man-made cut, cavity, trench or depression in an earth surface formed by earth removal

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4
Q

Ground pads

A

Plywood sheets or 2x12 boards used to distribute weight to help prevent collapse

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5
Q

Sheeting

A

Sheet goods used in the shoring system that retain the wart in position and are supported by other members of the shoring system AKA -panel

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6
Q

Uprights

A

Vertical members of shoring system used to strengthen sheeting aka-strongbacks

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7
Q

Cross Braces

A

Horizontal members of a shoring system installed perpendicular to the sides of the excavation, the ends of which bear against either uprights or wales AKA- struts, shores

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8
Q

Accepted engineering practices
p.223

A

Those requirements that are compatible with standard of practice required by a registered professional engineer

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9
Q

AHJ
p.223

A

Authority having jurisdiction

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10
Q

Air mover
p.223

A

A portable air appliance used as a blower or exhauster

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11
Q

Aluminum hydraulic shore
p.223

A

A pre-engineered shoring system comprised of aluminum hydraulic cylinders (cross braces) used in conjunction with vertical rails (uprights) or horizontal rails (walers). Such a system is designed specifically to support the sidewalls of an excavation and prevent cave-ins

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12
Q

Backfill
p.223

A

Materials used to fill the void behind the trench panels to create full surface contact. Soil, sandbags, airbags or cushions, wedges, cribbing and shoring

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13
Q

Backhoe
p.223

A

An excavating machine having a bucket that is attached to a ridged bar hinged to a boom that is drawn toward the machine in operation

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14
Q

Bell pier
p. 223

A

A type of shaft or footing excavation, the bottom of which is larger than the cross section above to form a bell shape

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15
Q

Belly
p.223

A

The area of the walls of a trench 2 feet up from the toe and 2 feet down from the lip

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16
Q

Benching
p.223

A

A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels

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17
Q

Cave-in
p.223

A

The separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system and its sudden movement into the excavation, either by falling or sliding in sufficient quantity to entrap, bury or otherwise injury and immobilize a person.

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18
Q

Average Trench rescue lasts?
p.1

A

6-10 hours
( might transfer from daytime to night time ops, weather changes)

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19
Q

OSHA code of regulations for Trench& Excavations? p.7

A

29 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) 1926.650-652 Subpart P

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20
Q

Soil weight? p.17

A

100-125lbs per cubic foot ( the more moisture there more it weighs)
2700-3000 lbs per cubic yard

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21
Q

Four major soil classification types? p.18

A

Type A (1.5tsf<)
Type B (0.5-1.5 tsf)
Type C (0.5>) least stable C-60& C-80
Stable Rock

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22
Q

The free standing time? p.18

A

The amount of time the Trench wall will remain standing and not collapse without support.

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23
Q

For cohesive soil, unconfined compressive strength is? p.18

A

How soil reacts under pressure. The amount of weight required per square foot to collapse a soil sample. Tons per square foot, determined by manual soil test.

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24
Q

Difference between C-60 & C-80 soil? p.19

A

Type C soil considered to be least stable with reduced unconfined compressive strength and high secondary collapse. 60 will stand long enough to be shorted and 80 doesn’t.

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25
Q

Trench types and configurations (7)? p.26

A

1) straight (slit) Trench
2) L-trench
3) T-trench-water/sewer lines
4) x-trench -water/sewer lines
5) Box Trench -utility lines
6) Bell piers- bell shape
7) Shafts

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26
Q

Trench wall p.28

A

The Trench wall is the side or face of the trench

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27
Q

Trench lip p.28

A

The top edge of the the trench

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28
Q

Trench floor p.28

A

The bottom of the Trench

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29
Q

Trench toe p.28

A

Where the Trench wall meets the Trench floor

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30
Q

Trench head? p.28

A

The narrow portion of the Trench between the Trench walls

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31
Q

Spoil pile? p.28

A

The soil removed when excavating the Trench…should be at least 2 feet from the lip and no more than 4 feet tall

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32
Q

Outside corner? p.28

A

The corners at the head (end) of a trench

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33
Q

Inside corner? p.28

A

Inside corner created by intersecting trenches. L has one, T has two. Trim or reduce corner to prevent collapse.

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34
Q

Responsible for providing facilities, services and materials in support of an incident? p.70

A

Logistics officer

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35
Q

Coordinates,manages and supervices all assigned rescue activities and is directly in charge of the rescue teams working in the Trench? p.71

A

Rescue group supervisor
( reports directly to operations or the incident commander

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36
Q

A victim with just 1’ or 2’ of soil on them, could have how many lbs?

A

750-1000lbs of pressure on their chest making it impossible to breath.

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37
Q

Types of collapse
p.32

A

Spoil-in
Lip-in
Shear-in
Slougg-in (w/ roll-in & wedge-in)

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38
Q

USAM p.39

A

Underground Service Alert Markings, to locate underground service utilities, #811

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39
Q

White p.39

A

Proposed excavations

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40
Q

Pink p.39

A

Temporary survey

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41
Q

Red p.39

A

Electric

42
Q

Yellow p.39

A

Gas, oil, steam, chemical

43
Q

Orange p.39

A

Telecommunications

44
Q

Blue p.39

A

Water

45
Q

Purple p.39

A

Reclaimed water

46
Q

Green p.39

A

Sewer, storm drain

47
Q

Surcharge Load p.38

A

The spoil pile, construction materials, buildings, trees, footings and foundations including the rescued all contribute to the downward force on the soil

48
Q

Intersecting trenches p.36

A

The point formed by the intersection of two trenches, inside corners particularly vulnerable to a collapse

49
Q

Previously disturbed soil p.36

A

Soil that has never been disturbed is stronger than soil that has been previously excavated, reducing its compaction and tensile strength. And the more recent is the excavation, the weaker it is.

50
Q

Vibrations p.41

A

Vibrations of any kind more than 100’ away can have an effect and lead to secondary collapse.

51
Q

NFPA standards p. 45

A

National fire protection association - consensus standards that are developed and revised every five years by subject matter experts in the particular field

52
Q

NFPA 1006

A

The standards of Technical Rescue Qualifications

53
Q

NFPA 1670

A

The standards on Operations and Training for Technical search and rescue incidents

54
Q

Trench rescue training p.43

A

An advanced rescue discipline, incidents are no time to give instructions, recurrent training at no more than six month intervals to maintain the knowledge, skills and abilities. (scenario based training annually)

55
Q

Mechanical shores p.47

A

Hydraulic, pneumatic, Ellis screw jack sand pipe shores (including Trench shields and boxes)

56
Q

Timber shore components p.47

A

3/4”, 4’x8’ plywood sheets and 2”x12” uprights that make up the shoring panels….4”x4” timber is used for struts/crossbraces, whalers, hogsheads and wedges….6”x6” timber if available for whalers….2” x4” timber for cleats and other components

57
Q

CMC control zones p.63

A

50’ - hot zine ( rescue group supervisor, site safety officer, rescue squads)
150’ - warm zone (TR truck, ops, logistics, medical group, RIC)
300’ - cold zone (command post, access control, staging, rehab)

58
Q

Site safety officer p.69

A

Assigned to the exclusion (hot) zone, must be technical rescue team member and Trench rescue trained.

59
Q

Multihazards safety plan p.64

A

(LCES) Lookouts, Communions, Escape Routes and Safety Zones

60
Q

Pneumatic shoring psi?
p.141

A

Initially 100psi and then 200psi

61
Q

Safety zones per CMC?

A

50’——-hot zone (exclusion)
Rescue group supervisor
150’——warm zone (hazard reduction)
Tech rescue vehicles, ops,
Logistics, medical, RIC
300’——Cold zone (support)
Command post, access
Control, staging, rehab

62
Q

Trot control zones

A

150’- hot, 250’-warm, 500’-cold

63
Q

Approach trench from?

A

Approach from ends of the trench and no closer than 4 feet from the lip.

64
Q

Trench monitoring?

A

1) as near as possible to the victim
2) top, middle and bottom
3) 20 min minimum log in
4) monitoring handed over to the first arriving hazmat unit

65
Q

All trenches must be ventilated and should be done with a fan capable of moving——- cam

A

1,000 cfm

66
Q

The required Command positions in trench?

A

PERS…
Personnel
Equipment
Rescue group supervisor
Safety

67
Q

OSHA requires all trenches greater than ——feet to be made safe regardless of soil…Fairfax 4’

A

5’

68
Q

Three soil classification?

A

Compact (clay)
Saturated (water)
Running (sand or loose gravel)

69
Q

—-x——x——- boards may be used to replace ground pads on side with spoil pile or supplemental sheeting at the end of the trench or areas less than 4’ wide

A

2” x 12” x 2’

70
Q

Standing water reduces safety factor by?

A

50%

71
Q

It might not be possible to shore trench deeper than——-or unfavorable weather…it maybe necessary to dig ——- which are dug to a ——_ratio.

A

20 feet…
cut backs
2:1

72
Q

Uncover——&——first.
Buckets shouldn’t be filled more than ——- full.
Rotate digging crews every——-min.

A

Head and chest
1/2
15min

73
Q

Ground pads are made of?
Pads shouldn’t?

A

4’ x 8’ x 5/8”

Overlap

74
Q

Trench panels are constructed of?
dimensions of 4’x8’x11/4” with 2”x12”x12’ or two —-“thick conventional sheets.

A

Laminated arctic white birch
3/4”

75
Q

What is utilized as shelves for wale installation as well as shooting shores at angles…don’t exceed —— foot zones!!!

A

Trench blocks
4 foot

76
Q

Force pressure formula

A

FP= R2 x 3.14 x psi

77
Q

How far apart should ladders be?
How many?
How far extending beyond the trench lip?

A

No more than 25 feet apart
Minimum 2
Minimum of 3 feet

78
Q

What’s penetrometer?

A

Spring loaded instruments to determinate soil strength!

79
Q

How much cubic yard of soil weighs?
Cubic foot?

A

2700-3000 lbs
100-125 lbs

80
Q

Max raker angle?

A

Rakers would be 30 degrees with max of 45 degrees. Minimum of 4”x4” timber to be used, with rakes placed at 4 feet on center with sheeting behind every wall plate. Lateral and diagonal bracing must be applied.

81
Q

Max spacing between struts?

A

4 feet

82
Q

When using air shores in column figuration, how many pins should be used?

A

2

83
Q

Nails for shoring?

A

16 D nails used…when nail is driven straight it is face nail, when an angle, it is a toenail…face nail 200lbs pulling strength and toenail 100lbs.

84
Q

Air shore safety factor?

A

2:1

85
Q

8 foot trench..how many struts?

A

2 struts, one 2feet down and next 4’

Over 10’- 3 shores

86
Q

Fall protection?

A

2 feet from the edge

87
Q

Fall protection?

A

2 feet from the edge

88
Q

Approach the Trench?

A

2-3 feet from the lips lip of the Trench, head if possible…

89
Q

Ladder, stairs of access if?

A

Trench that is 4ft in depth…3ft above the lip

90
Q

Nails!

A

16 D nails
200 lbs pulling strength face nail
100 lbs toenail

91
Q

Backfill coverage?
P. 115

A

Voids greater than 6 cubic feet

92
Q

Number of systems of shoring?
P.117

A

Min of two

93
Q

Safe zones
P. 117

A

In the Trench between the plywood panels that have been fully pressurized….can reach an arm…
The shoring should be as long as it is deep max 2 feet exposed.

94
Q

Operational issues
P.119

A

1) responsible party
2) size up/approach
3) soil and Trench conditions
4) hazards
5) victim considerations
6) safety officer, ladders, edge protection, clearing the spoil pile, metering and ventilation
7) prep entry briefing

95
Q

Deep wall Trench?
P.128

A

10 feet or more

96
Q

Bridge ladders?
P. 129

A

Besides next to installed panels….3 feet above the lip and with two nails (16D) both side…against 2’x12”. Lashed from beam to beam to the bridge

97
Q

The rescue waist can’t be no further than —-feet from the bottom strut?
P.130

A

4 feet
Can stand the floor and be without fall protection when the Trench is fully pressurized.

98
Q

Strut placement?
P 130

A

2-4-2
8 foot shore requires 2 struts!

99
Q

Horizontal placement?
P. 131

A

4 feet…struts more than two feet from the corner…

100
Q

Timber struts?
P.133

A

Douglas fur or southern pine.
End grain strength 6,000lbs
2:1 safety factor
4x 4 lumber minimum
4 x 4 wedges- 18” long
16 D nails

101
Q

Soil removal?

A

Bucket half full
dig every 2-3 feet
Rotate evwry15-20 min

102
Q

Shoring removal?
P.175

A

Reverse order…bottom to the top

TROT (9 decks)

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