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TROT > Confined Space PP > Flashcards

Confined Space PP Flashcards

1
Q

What is confined space?

A

1) Large enough and configured for a body to enter and perform work.
2) Has limited means of ingress and egress.
3) is not designed for continuous occupancy

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2
Q

OSHA 1910.146

A

1) Outlines minimum safety/PPE requirements for entries
2) Fequires an industry to designate a confined space rescue team
3) Provides minimum standards for rescue teams

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3
Q

Non-permit Required Confined Space

A
  • No recognized hazards

-If hazards can be isolated, it can be treated as a non-permited space

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4
Q

Permit required Confined Space

A
  • potential for engulfment
  • internal configuration that could entrap a worker
    -physical, mechanical hazards
    -Athmosphetic hazards
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5
Q

Types of hazards in a confined space

A

-Atmospheric

-physical/mechanical

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6
Q

Hazardous Atmosphere are responsible for——- of confined space deaths

A

80%

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7
Q

Other Permit Required Spaces?

A

Swimming pools, below grade loading docks, parking garages, trench and excavations.

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8
Q

Phases of Rescue?

A

Preparation
Assessment
Pre-entry
Entry
Termination

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9
Q

OSHA provides

A

A decision flow chart

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10
Q

Test the following order

A

Oxygen
Combustable gases or vapors
Toxic gases or vapors

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11
Q

Four basic categories of hazards?

A

Atmospheric
Physical/Mechanical
Environmental
Psychological
(All hazards must be identified and controlled or rendered non-hazardous.

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12
Q

Four ways toxins can enter the body?

A

Absorption
Ingestion
Inhalation
Injection

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13
Q

5 most common gases?

A

Methane
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen Sulfide
Sulfur dioxide

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14
Q

Phases of Confined Space:
1) Preparation

A

Equipment evaluation
Hazard analysis
Personel evaluation
Incident management

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15
Q

Phases of Confined Space:
2) Assessment

A

First operational phase
Information gathering
Establish incident command
Approach assessment
Resource assessment
Documentation

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16
Q

Phases of Confined Space:
3) Pre-Entry Operation

A

Controlling hazards
making general area safe
rescue area safe
Pre-entry briefing

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17
Q

Phases of Confined Space:
4) Entry and Rescue Operation

A

Atmospheric monitoring
Coordinate Actions to reduce time
line management

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18
Q

Phases of Confined Space:
5) Termination

A

All personnel accounted for
time marked
Seal the space

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19
Q

Atmospheric Hazards

A

Not always easily seen, smelled, heard or felt

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20
Q

Hazardous Atmospheres-
Oxygen Deficiencies causes:

A

CADE!!!
Consumption
Absorption
Displacement
Enrichment

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21
Q

Hazardous Atmospheres-
Oxygen Enrichment causes:

A

Leaking Oxygen cylinders

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22
Q

A 1% drop in Oxygen may indicate an increase of?

A

10,000 ppm of another substance or the presence of Oxygen consumption

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23
Q

Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres

A

19.5% Minimum acceptable oxygen level
15-19% Decreased ability to work strenuously . Impaired coordination. Early symptoms.
12-14% Respiration increases. Poor judgement.
10-12% Respiration increases. Lips turn blue.
8-10%. Mental failure. Fainting; nausea; unconsciusness; vomiting.
6-8%. 8 min-fatal, 6-min- 50% fatal, 4-5 min- possible recovery.
4-6 % Coma in 40 sec….Death

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24
Q

Hazardous Atmospheres

A

1) Oxygen concentration, below 19.5% or above 23.5%.
2) Flammable vapor, gas, or mist. in excess of 10% of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
3) Toxic, any atmospheric substance in which the dose is greater that the permissible exposure limit
4) Airborne combustible dust which the concentration obscures visual field 5’ or less
5) Any other IDLH condition

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25
Q

Flammability

A

-Biological
-Normal product Storage
-Maintenance procedures
-Inappropriate Presence
-Airborne Combustible Dust

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26
Q

Toxicity

A

-Natural Occurring
-Normal Product Storage
-Inappropriate Presence

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27
Q

Remember! Atmospheric conditions can change without a warning.

A

-Disturbance of the air flow
-Humidity/Temperature
-Decrease in O2
-Maintenance Ops
-Disturbance of residue
-Dostibamce pf gas stratification

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28
Q

Physical/Mechanical

A

-Electrical
-Mechanical
-Elevation Differences
-Hazardous Materials
-Noise
-Temperature Extremes

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29
Q

Psychological Hazard

A

-Claustrophobia
-Fatigue
-Anxiety

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30
Q

Confined Space Rescues should?

A

Always be treated as a Permitted confined space entry.

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31
Q

F.A.I.L.U.R.E

A

Failure to understand or to underestimate the environment
Additional medical implication not consider
Inadequate rescue skills
Lack of teamwork
Underestimating logistical needs
Rescue vs Recovery
Equipment not mastered

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32
Q

Nearly ___% of all confined space deaths are would be rescuers

A

60%

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33
Q

Preparation

A

-Dep. works with Special ops to make time for training and equipment needs
-Special ops BC works that equipment functions correctly and safely
-Station level- replans of hazard buildings or vaults
-Water authority pre-plans maps (Hazmat 40 has complete set)

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34
Q

Assessment

A

Response to an actual incident
Establish Command
Start thinking:
size up
site control
request additional resources needed
documentation (pre space entry permit)
Recognize and Identify and Hazards

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35
Q

Size up-

A

How many victims/location
identification of victims
what is the space used for
what were they doing
hazards
do they have preplans

trapped
lost/unaccounted
injured
medical
body recovery

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36
Q

What are the entry and exit points

A

are there multiple
decide where they will be for the ops

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37
Q

Establish zones

A

Hot zone 150’ (operations)
Warm zone. (decon and logistics)
Cold zone. (staging and command)

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38
Q

Request additional recources

A

Additional Tech Rescue units
Light & Air
Utilities (gas, electric, water)
Haz Mat (monitors, cameras,decon and research abilities)
Police Dept.
Heating/ Cooling units

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39
Q

Recognize & ID any Hazards

A

-Atmospheric Hazards
-Hazardous materials
-Temerature extremes
-Physical/ Mechanical hazards

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40
Q

Pre-Entry Operations

A

1)Start controlling Hazards
-monitor
-ventilation
-lock out/tag out
-control ignition sources
-unnecessary personnel
2)Determine the entry teams/back up teams/ RIT teams
3)Air supply
4) Other aspects to think about
-rigging, medical, logistics

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41
Q

Monitoring 1/2

A

-Initial monitoring in full gear & SCBA
-pH or litmus paper test done first
(picks up acids and bases that may be harmful to monitors)
-Report monitoring in the following order (O2, flammable and toxins)
-When monitoring a vertical entry remember gases stratified, drop sampling tube in 4’ increments and allow 2min for sampling time)
-Monitoring gets recorded every 10min

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42
Q

Monitoring 2/2

A

-Turn meters on in fresh air before entering the space
-Eagle 2 & MSA Altair
-Know your limitations (monitors can give false or inaccurate readings, fail and can be affected by temps and O2 levels)
-Rescuers shall not enter a space if the Flammability is 10% of the LEL, regardless of PPE

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43
Q

Ventilation1/2

A

-If the space allows use natural ventilation
-ventilate all levels due to stratification of gases
-consider the size of the fan used
-consider the exhaust placement outside

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44
Q

Ventilation 2/2

A

-Consider factors that may be introduced into the space
-placement of fan should be least 5’ from the opening, 1-2’ off the ground
-the hose should be positioned
1-3’ off the floor space

45
Q

Ventilation for larger spaces

A

RAM fan

46
Q

Ventilation paths

A

-Flow paths
-think about how the air will be moving within the space

47
Q

Lock out/ Tag out (1/4)

A

-Determinate the presence of all energy systems
1)electrical
2)pressure (hydraulic/pneumatic)
3)gravity, momentum
-back up systems may be present
-use plant personnel or on site workers to assist on systems
-A zero state of energy must be achieved

48
Q

Log out/Tag out (2/4)

A

Methods of Isolation
-lock out tag out
-block and bleed
-blanking or blinding
-TROT/ FD personnel

49
Q

Log out/ Tag out (3/4)

A

Equipment for lockout/isolation
procedures:
-multi-lock hasps and padlocks
-plugs and/or air bags
-chain or cable
-spectacle or slip blinds for blanking/blinding

50
Q

Log out/Tag out

A

Six steps:
-prepare for shut down
-shut down equipment
-isolate the equipment
-apply lock out/tag out method
-control stored energy
-verify isolation

51
Q

Ignition prevention

A

-remember all tools that enter a confined space should be explosion and intrinsically safe

52
Q

Air supply

A

All the following air supply rescues on an incident
-regulator/manifold uses SCBA cylinders
-cascade system
-light and air unit

53
Q

MACK 3?

A

Multi Air Command Kit
-Air manifold that supplies SABA lines
-always connect both cylinder lines
-only use one at a time
-change cylinder out at 1000 psi
-whistle warning at 500psi

53
Q

Entry & Rescue Operations

A

Actual placement of teams in the space-
1) Teams are responsible for: reconnaissance & locating and moving the victims
2) Equipment responsibility of teams:
two forms of communication & EBBS ( Emergency Breathing Support System)
3) Equipment for each team member:
appropriate PPE, two intrinsically safe lights & MSA Altair monitor with motion ON

54
Q

Appropriate PPE

A

-helmets
-flash protection
-boots
-gloves
-elbow and knee pads
-ear and eye protection
-Atmospheric monitoring
-lighting
-communication
-other- chemical protective equipment/ coveralls

55
Q

Atmospheric PPE Monitor

A

MSA Altair 4x
Serves as personal monitor
Has motion sensor feature indicated by flashing triangle in upper right screen

56
Q

SCBA vs SABA

A

Time limits for rescuers
-rule of 40/60
-45min cylinder =18min
-60min cylinder =24min
Size of space
-if space is large enough may connect a whip line to an air line through the E.B.S.S for prolonged work
-24” in diameter or less continual run requires SABA
-SABA 30min

57
Q

Whip line

A

Allows for a connection between the Hansen quick connect fitting on the air hose and Scott SCBA fitting

58
Q

SCBA vs SABA

A

-Regulator/manifold: connect to an acceptable air supply source
1) SCBA cylinder
2)Cascade system
3) Light and air unit
Set regulator working pressure to 110 psi
always have to air sources connected to the airline system, one at a time in operation
SCBA cylinders, switch air source at 1000 psi, cascade system at 500 psi

59
Q

SABA

A

-Label the air lines with rescue name
-lay out the lines
-max 300’
-always use 300’ unless the distance is absolutely known

60
Q

SABA Escape Procedures

A

-Turn Escape Cylinder on before entering the space
-10 min but maybe only 2-3.5min depending on exertion
-if vape alert is continually activated…notify your partner and command, use E.B.S.S hose and team exits
-any time air supply is lost to an entrant, the entry team will exit the space using the E.B.S.S

61
Q

Emergency Breathing Support System

A

-Approximately 8’
-Connects to partners SABA
-Excape cylinder = 10 minutes

62
Q

Lights

A

The two forms of lighting should be:
-explosion proof
-intrinsically sage

63
Q

Communication (1/2)

A

The two forms of communication
-intrinsically safe
-radios (may not operate, turn on non repeater channel)
-Fiber optic hard lines (have throat mics, command console with talk box, headset for outside attendant)

64
Q

The mass of material of a confined space often impacts the ability to transmit and receive messages.

A

Hard wired systems can overcome this limitation:
-effective over short distance
-disadvantage is needed to deploy cable with entrants

65
Q

Communication (2/2)

A

Communication shall be maintained between rescuers, command and support personnel.
Status report from the entry personnel should include:
-team designator
-accountability status
-location
-air levels (SCBA)
-monitor readings
-situation update
-victim condition if applicable

66
Q

Entry Procedures (1/3)

A

-Personnel shall not cross the “plane of entry” to a confined space with any part of their body without the appropriate level of PPE
-Any confined space with vertical drop of 5’ or greater will require the use of a rope retrieval system
-If the confined space has a potential for engulfment (storage bins, silos, hoppers) or if the space has sloped and or tapered floors, independent support lines shall be used
-A class III harness will be used with rope systems

67
Q

Entry Procedures (2/3)

A

-While in the confined space, consider using chalk, cyalume sticks and/or other methods to indicate direction of traffic, victim location, area of searched and points of egress.
-Lids, covers, doors or hatches that must be opened during entry must be secured open to eliminate accidental closure.

68
Q

Entry Procedures (3/3)

A

Back up Team/RIT
-fully equipped and ready
-Separate air supply
-could function as RIT for entry
-listens to entry team communication
with command
-2nd entry team ready if incident requires (new back up team on deck)

69
Q

Patient Removal (1/3)

A

-The number one priority in a confined space with a hazardous atmosphere is to remove the victim to a safe environment.
-consider providing victim with a supplemental air
-ensure correct body positioning for airway
-consider mechanism of injury

70
Q

Patient removal (2/3)

A

-Extrication activities, which involve disturbing the structures or machinery within the confined space, shall only be undertaken after evaluating the impact off these actions… Will the action?
-cause a shift in the product?
-create a more hazardous environment ?
-cause the structural integrity to be impaired?
cause an increased hazard?

71
Q

Patient removal (3/3)

A

Consider packaging devices
-Sked/half sled
-yates (spec Pak)
can the outside team help to haul
is there a vertical lift
in smaller spaces position all team members to the egress side of the patient during removal

72
Q

Entry Sloped floors/potential engulfment

A

Engulfment Rescues
-major structures
1) bins/hopper
2) draw of feed tunnels
3)elevated walkways
4) crushers
5) storage piles
6) surge piles

73
Q

Engulfment

A

-victim is trapped or enveloped
-asphyxiation primary hazard
-materials frequently crust or bridge
-fall through open chutes
-materials can cause chemical or thermal burns

74
Q

Material Flow Categories

A

-Size, shape, hardness & moisture
Cat 1- Very free flowing
(any size opening no aids-grain, plastic)
Cat 2- Free flowing
(Like Cat 1 but may need flow aid)
Cat 3- Average Flowing
(Majority, constant flow aid or air or vibratory motor)
Cat 4- Sluggish
(Specifically designed bin/hopper)

75
Q

Hopper Hazards

A

Elevated structures-fall hazard
Primary reason for death is suffocation
Bridging over/ clogging of draw point
Material can free flow with no warning
Mechanical lockout (augers/diggers/vibratory motors)
Generally, one vertical opening

76
Q

Hopper Rescue Operation (1/3)

A

Meet with plant supervisor
-number of victims
-location
-best access
-hazards
-machinery and materials involved
-machinery shuts offs and lock out

77
Q

Hopper Rescue Operations (2/3)

A

-Good assessment/lock out/monitor/ventilate
-Limited amount of people around the product
-use ground pads/planks to access victim (high angle rescue)
-adjustable overhead anchors
(arial ladders/cranes/overhead structures)
-attach safety line to victim
-completely uncover patient

78
Q

Engulfed patient- forces

A

Forces to pull buried victims
-waist 500lbs
-neck 1000lbs
-slumped over/fully covered 2000lbs

79
Q

Accessing victim

A

All access opening
-top and bottom of bin
-search may be needed to locate buried victim
Cutting through structure
-location of the victim
-flammability of the product
-smoke generation
-heat transfer to the victim

80
Q

Hopper Rescue Operations (3/3)

A

-Placing isolation structure around victim
-increase of staffing needs(work upside down on ropes)
-entrapment in the machinery
-special equipment needs

81
Q

Termination (1/2)

A

-contact OSHA
-Personnel accountability
-Secure the space for security
-Medical monitoring
(critical incident Stress Debriefing)

82
Q

Termination (2/2)

A

*Documentation of incident;
-confined space permit shall be filed within 7 days. Atmospheric monitoring log shall be attached to this report
-exposure reports shall be filed within 7 days
*Technical Rescue incident report shall be filed within 24 hours
-Post incident analysis report shall be distributed to all technical rescue stations within 30 days

83
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational Safe and Health Administration

84
Q

What is rated as a lifting device as well as a spinal immobilization device?

A

LSP half board

85
Q

What is rated as a lifting device as well as a spinal immobilization device?

A

LSP half board

86
Q

Fill prior to the entry?

A

FRD 237, entry permit

87
Q

Fill prior to the entry?

A

FRD 237, entry permit

88
Q

Any continuous run of —— inches or less require use of a SABA

A

24

89
Q

What breathing device require a tagline?

A

SCBA

90
Q

Use only what kind of blowers?
And how positioned?

A

Electric
5 feet from the opening , 1-2 feet off the ground, 1-3 feet of the conf space ground

91
Q

Set manifold to —-psi?
SCBA switch when drops to?
Switch cascade when?

A

110
1000
500

92
Q

Set manifold to —-psi?
SCBA switch when drops to?
Switch cascade when?

A

110
1000
500

93
Q

Meter readings

A

O2 19.5-20.9-23.5
LEL. 10% <
CO. 10-1,2000ppm
H2S. 10-100 ppm (IDLH)

94
Q

Confined space permit needed

A

Hazardous
Engulfment
Inward converging walls
Serious safety of health

95
Q

Safety officer records?

A

1) entry times
2) time in confined space
3) exit times
4) number of entries by individual

96
Q

Air supply SABA shall be from a clean source supplying class—— breathing air only.

A

D

97
Q

Lockout gasps and padlocks for each entrant…..gets the key?

A

Technical rescue safety officer

98
Q

Who should be assigned to continuously monitor the air system?

A

Air supply manager

99
Q

What can cause toxic sensors to give false reading, possibly negative PPM?

A

Oxidizers

100
Q

Explosive range- propane

A

LEL- 2%
UEL-9.5%

101
Q

Explosive range- methane

A

LEL- 5.3%
UEL- 15%

Vapor density- 0.554

102
Q

Explosive range- CO

A

LEL- 12.5%
UEL- 74 %

Vapor density- 0.968

IDLH- 10-1,200 ppm

103
Q

Explosive range- CO2

A

Vapor density- 1.527

104
Q

Explosive range- CO2

A

Vapor density- 1.527

105
Q

Explosive range- H2S ( hydrogen sulfide)

A

LEL- 4.5%
UEL- 45.5%

Vapor density- 1.19

IDLH- 10-100ppm

106
Q

Explosive range- H2S ( hydrogen sulfide)

A

LEL- 4.5%
UEL- 45.5%

Vapor density- 1.19

IDLH- 10-100ppm

107
Q

Explosive range- SO2 (sulfur dioxide)

A

Vapor density 2.264

TROT (9 decks)

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