Confined Space PP Flashcards
1
Q
What is confined space?
A
1) Large enough and configured for a body to enter and perform work.
2) Has limited means of ingress and egress.
3) is not designed for continuous occupancy
2
Q
OSHA 1910.146
A
1) Outlines minimum safety/PPE requirements for entries
2) Fequires an industry to designate a confined space rescue team
3) Provides minimum standards for rescue teams
3
Q
Non-permit Required Confined Space
A
- No recognized hazards
-If hazards can be isolated, it can be treated as a non-permited space
4
Q
Permit required Confined Space
A
- potential for engulfment
- internal configuration that could entrap a worker
-physical, mechanical hazards
-Athmosphetic hazards
5
Q
Types of hazards in a confined space
A
-Atmospheric
-physical/mechanical
6
Q
Hazardous Atmosphere are responsible for——- of confined space deaths
A
80%
7
Q
Other Permit Required Spaces?
A
Swimming pools, below grade loading docks, parking garages, trench and excavations.
8
Q
Phases of Rescue?
A
Preparation
Assessment
Pre-entry
Entry
Termination
9
Q
OSHA provides
A
A decision flow chart
10
Q
Test the following order
A
Oxygen
Combustable gases or vapors
Toxic gases or vapors
11
Q
Four basic categories of hazards?
A
Atmospheric
Physical/Mechanical
Environmental
Psychological
(All hazards must be identified and controlled or rendered non-hazardous.
12
Q
Four ways toxins can enter the body?
A
Absorption
Ingestion
Inhalation
Injection
13
Q
5 most common gases?
A
Methane
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen Sulfide
Sulfur dioxide
14
Q
Phases of Confined Space:
1) Preparation
A
Equipment evaluation
Hazard analysis
Personel evaluation
Incident management
15
Q
Phases of Confined Space:
2) Assessment
A
First operational phase
Information gathering
Establish incident command
Approach assessment
Resource assessment
Documentation
16
Q
Phases of Confined Space:
3) Pre-Entry Operation
A
Controlling hazards
making general area safe
rescue area safe
Pre-entry briefing
17
Q
Phases of Confined Space:
4) Entry and Rescue Operation
A
Atmospheric monitoring
Coordinate Actions to reduce time
line management
18
Q
Phases of Confined Space:
5) Termination
A
All personnel accounted for
time marked
Seal the space
19
Q
Atmospheric Hazards
A
Not always easily seen, smelled, heard or felt
20
Q
Hazardous Atmospheres-
Oxygen Deficiencies causes:
A
CADE!!!
Consumption
Absorption
Displacement
Enrichment
21
Q
Hazardous Atmospheres-
Oxygen Enrichment causes:
A
Leaking Oxygen cylinders
22
Q
A 1% drop in Oxygen may indicate an increase of?
A
10,000 ppm of another substance or the presence of Oxygen consumption
23
Q
Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres
A
19.5% Minimum acceptable oxygen level
15-19% Decreased ability to work strenuously . Impaired coordination. Early symptoms.
12-14% Respiration increases. Poor judgement.
10-12% Respiration increases. Lips turn blue.
8-10%. Mental failure. Fainting; nausea; unconsciusness; vomiting.
6-8%. 8 min-fatal, 6-min- 50% fatal, 4-5 min- possible recovery.
4-6 % Coma in 40 sec….Death
24
Q
Hazardous Atmospheres
A
1) Oxygen concentration, below 19.5% or above 23.5%.
2) Flammable vapor, gas, or mist. in excess of 10% of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
3) Toxic, any atmospheric substance in which the dose is greater that the permissible exposure limit
4) Airborne combustible dust which the concentration obscures visual field 5’ or less
5) Any other IDLH condition
25
Flammability
-Biological
-Normal product Storage
-Maintenance procedures
-Inappropriate Presence
-Airborne Combustible Dust
26
Toxicity
-Natural Occurring
-Normal Product Storage
-Inappropriate Presence
27
Remember! Atmospheric conditions can change without a warning.
-Disturbance of the air flow
-Humidity/Temperature
-Decrease in O2
-Maintenance Ops
-Disturbance of residue
-Dostibamce pf gas stratification
28
Physical/Mechanical
-Electrical
-Mechanical
-Elevation Differences
-Hazardous Materials
-Noise
-Temperature Extremes
29
Psychological Hazard
-Claustrophobia
-Fatigue
-Anxiety
30
Confined Space Rescues should?
Always be treated as a Permitted confined space entry.
31
F.A.I.L.U.R.E
Failure to understand or to underestimate the environment
Additional medical implication not consider
Inadequate rescue skills
Lack of teamwork
Underestimating logistical needs
Rescue vs Recovery
Equipment not mastered
32
Nearly ___% of all confined space deaths are would be rescuers
60%
33
Preparation
-Dep. works with Special ops to make time for training and equipment needs
-Special ops BC works that equipment functions correctly and safely
-Station level- replans of hazard buildings or vaults
-Water authority pre-plans maps (Hazmat 40 has complete set)
34
Assessment
Response to an actual incident
Establish Command
Start thinking:
size up
site control
request additional resources needed
documentation (pre space entry permit)
Recognize and Identify and Hazards
35
Size up-
How many victims/location
identification of victims
what is the space used for
what were they doing
hazards
do they have preplans
trapped
lost/unaccounted
injured
medical
body recovery
36
What are the entry and exit points
are there multiple
decide where they will be for the ops
37
Establish zones
Hot zone 150' (operations)
Warm zone. (decon and logistics)
Cold zone. (staging and command)
38
Request additional recources
Additional Tech Rescue units
Light & Air
Utilities (gas, electric, water)
Haz Mat (monitors, cameras,decon and research abilities)
Police Dept.
Heating/ Cooling units
39
Recognize & ID any Hazards
-Atmospheric Hazards
-Hazardous materials
-Temerature extremes
-Physical/ Mechanical hazards
40
Pre-Entry Operations
1)Start controlling Hazards
-monitor
-ventilation
-lock out/tag out
-control ignition sources
-unnecessary personnel
2)Determine the entry teams/back up teams/ RIT teams
3)Air supply
4) Other aspects to think about
-rigging, medical, logistics
41
Monitoring 1/2
-Initial monitoring in full gear & SCBA
-pH or litmus paper test done first
(picks up acids and bases that may be harmful to monitors)
-Report monitoring in the following order (O2, flammable and toxins)
-When monitoring a vertical entry remember gases stratified, drop sampling tube in 4' increments and allow 2min for sampling time)
-Monitoring gets recorded every 10min
42
Monitoring 2/2
-Turn meters on in fresh air before entering the space
-Eagle 2 & MSA Altair
-Know your limitations (monitors can give false or inaccurate readings, fail and can be affected by temps and O2 levels)
-Rescuers shall not enter a space if the Flammability is 10% of the LEL, regardless of PPE
43
Ventilation1/2
-If the space allows use natural ventilation
-ventilate all levels due to stratification of gases
-consider the size of the fan used
-consider the exhaust placement outside
44
Ventilation 2/2
-Consider factors that may be introduced into the space
-placement of fan should be least 5' from the opening, 1-2' off the ground
-the hose should be positioned
1-3' off the floor space
45
Ventilation for larger spaces
RAM fan
46
Ventilation paths
-Flow paths
-think about how the air will be moving within the space
47
Lock out/ Tag out (1/4)
-Determinate the presence of all energy systems
1)electrical
2)pressure (hydraulic/pneumatic)
3)gravity, momentum
-back up systems may be present
-use plant personnel or on site workers to assist on systems
-A zero state of energy must be achieved
48
Log out/Tag out (2/4)
Methods of Isolation
-lock out tag out
-block and bleed
-blanking or blinding
-TROT/ FD personnel
49
Log out/ Tag out (3/4)
Equipment for lockout/isolation
procedures:
-multi-lock hasps and padlocks
-plugs and/or air bags
-chain or cable
-spectacle or slip blinds for blanking/blinding
50
Log out/Tag out
Six steps:
-prepare for shut down
-shut down equipment
-isolate the equipment
-apply lock out/tag out method
-control stored energy
-verify isolation
51
Ignition prevention
-remember all tools that enter a confined space should be explosion and intrinsically safe
52
Air supply
All the following air supply rescues on an incident
-regulator/manifold uses SCBA cylinders
-cascade system
-light and air unit
53
MACK 3?
Multi Air Command Kit
-Air manifold that supplies SABA lines
-always connect both cylinder lines
-only use one at a time
-change cylinder out at 1000 psi
-whistle warning at 500psi
53
Entry & Rescue Operations
Actual placement of teams in the space-
1) Teams are responsible for: reconnaissance & locating and moving the victims
2) Equipment responsibility of teams:
two forms of communication & EBBS ( Emergency Breathing Support System)
3) Equipment for each team member:
appropriate PPE, two intrinsically safe lights & MSA Altair monitor with motion ON
54
Appropriate PPE
-helmets
-flash protection
-boots
-gloves
-elbow and knee pads
-ear and eye protection
-Atmospheric monitoring
-lighting
-communication
-other- chemical protective equipment/ coveralls
55
Atmospheric PPE Monitor
MSA Altair 4x
Serves as personal monitor
Has motion sensor feature indicated by flashing triangle in upper right screen
56
SCBA vs SABA
Time limits for rescuers
-rule of 40/60
-45min cylinder =18min
-60min cylinder =24min
Size of space
-if space is large enough may connect a whip line to an air line through the E.B.S.S for prolonged work
-24" in diameter or less continual run requires SABA
-SABA 30min
57
Whip line
Allows for a connection between the Hansen quick connect fitting on the air hose and Scott SCBA fitting
58
SCBA vs SABA
-Regulator/manifold: connect to an acceptable air supply source
1) SCBA cylinder
2)Cascade system
3) Light and air unit
Set regulator working pressure to 110 psi
always have to air sources connected to the airline system, one at a time in operation
SCBA cylinders, switch air source at 1000 psi, cascade system at 500 psi
59
SABA
-Label the air lines with rescue name
-lay out the lines
-max 300'
-always use 300' unless the distance is absolutely known
60
SABA Escape Procedures
-Turn Escape Cylinder on before entering the space
-10 min but maybe only 2-3.5min depending on exertion
-if vape alert is continually activated...notify your partner and command, use E.B.S.S hose and team exits
-any time air supply is lost to an entrant, the entry team will exit the space using the E.B.S.S
61
Emergency Breathing Support System
-Approximately 8'
-Connects to partners SABA
-Excape cylinder = 10 minutes
62
Lights
The two forms of lighting should be:
-explosion proof
-intrinsically sage
63
Communication (1/2)
The two forms of communication
-intrinsically safe
-radios (may not operate, turn on non repeater channel)
-Fiber optic hard lines (have throat mics, command console with talk box, headset for outside attendant)
64
The mass of material of a confined space often impacts the ability to transmit and receive messages.
Hard wired systems can overcome this limitation:
-effective over short distance
-disadvantage is needed to deploy cable with entrants
65
Communication (2/2)
Communication shall be maintained between rescuers, command and support personnel.
Status report from the entry personnel should include:
-team designator
-accountability status
-location
-air levels (SCBA)
-monitor readings
-situation update
-victim condition if applicable
66
Entry Procedures (1/3)
-Personnel shall not cross the "plane of entry" to a confined space with any part of their body without the appropriate level of PPE
-Any confined space with vertical drop of 5' or greater will require the use of a rope retrieval system
-If the confined space has a potential for engulfment (storage bins, silos, hoppers) or if the space has sloped and or tapered floors, independent support lines shall be used
-A class III harness will be used with rope systems
67
Entry Procedures (2/3)
-While in the confined space, consider using chalk, cyalume sticks and/or other methods to indicate direction of traffic, victim location, area of searched and points of egress.
-Lids, covers, doors or hatches that must be opened during entry must be secured open to eliminate accidental closure.
68
Entry Procedures (3/3)
Back up Team/RIT
-fully equipped and ready
-Separate air supply
-could function as RIT for entry
-listens to entry team communication
with command
-2nd entry team ready if incident requires (new back up team on deck)
69
Patient Removal (1/3)
-The number one priority in a confined space with a hazardous atmosphere is to remove the victim to a safe environment.
-consider providing victim with a supplemental air
-ensure correct body positioning for airway
-consider mechanism of injury
70
Patient removal (2/3)
-Extrication activities, which involve disturbing the structures or machinery within the confined space, shall only be undertaken after evaluating the impact off these actions... Will the action?
-cause a shift in the product?
-create a more hazardous environment ?
-cause the structural integrity to be impaired?
cause an increased hazard?
71
Patient removal (3/3)
Consider packaging devices
-Sked/half sled
-yates (spec Pak)
can the outside team help to haul
is there a vertical lift
in smaller spaces position all team members to the egress side of the patient during removal
72
Entry Sloped floors/potential engulfment
Engulfment Rescues
-major structures
1) bins/hopper
2) draw of feed tunnels
3)elevated walkways
4) crushers
5) storage piles
6) surge piles
73
Engulfment
-victim is trapped or enveloped
-asphyxiation primary hazard
-materials frequently crust or bridge
-fall through open chutes
-materials can cause chemical or thermal burns
74
Material Flow Categories
-Size, shape, hardness & moisture
Cat 1- Very free flowing
(any size opening no aids-grain, plastic)
Cat 2- Free flowing
(Like Cat 1 but may need flow aid)
Cat 3- Average Flowing
(Majority, constant flow aid or air or vibratory motor)
Cat 4- Sluggish
(Specifically designed bin/hopper)
75
Hopper Hazards
Elevated structures-fall hazard
Primary reason for death is suffocation
Bridging over/ clogging of draw point
Material can free flow with no warning
Mechanical lockout (augers/diggers/vibratory motors)
Generally, one vertical opening
76
Hopper Rescue Operation (1/3)
Meet with plant supervisor
-number of victims
-location
-best access
-hazards
-machinery and materials involved
-machinery shuts offs and lock out
77
Hopper Rescue Operations (2/3)
-Good assessment/lock out/monitor/ventilate
-Limited amount of people around the product
-use ground pads/planks to access victim (high angle rescue)
-adjustable overhead anchors
(arial ladders/cranes/overhead structures)
-attach safety line to victim
-completely uncover patient
78
Engulfed patient- forces
Forces to pull buried victims
-waist 500lbs
-neck 1000lbs
-slumped over/fully covered 2000lbs
79
Accessing victim
All access opening
-top and bottom of bin
-search may be needed to locate buried victim
Cutting through structure
-location of the victim
-flammability of the product
-smoke generation
-heat transfer to the victim
80
Hopper Rescue Operations (3/3)
-Placing isolation structure around victim
-increase of staffing needs(work upside down on ropes)
-entrapment in the machinery
-special equipment needs
81
Termination (1/2)
-contact OSHA
-Personnel accountability
-Secure the space for security
-Medical monitoring
(critical incident Stress Debriefing)
82
Termination (2/2)
*Documentation of incident;
-confined space permit shall be filed within 7 days. Atmospheric monitoring log shall be attached to this report
-exposure reports shall be filed within 7 days
*Technical Rescue incident report shall be filed within 24 hours
-Post incident analysis report shall be distributed to all technical rescue stations within 30 days
83
OSHA
Occupational Safe and Health Administration
84
What is rated as a lifting device as well as a spinal immobilization device?
LSP half board
85
What is rated as a lifting device as well as a spinal immobilization device?
LSP half board
86
Fill prior to the entry?
FRD 237, entry permit
87
Fill prior to the entry?
FRD 237, entry permit
88
Any continuous run of —— inches or less require use of a SABA
24
89
What breathing device require a tagline?
SCBA
90
Use only what kind of blowers?
And how positioned?
Electric
5 feet from the opening , 1-2 feet off the ground, 1-3 feet of the conf space ground
91
Set manifold to —-psi?
SCBA switch when drops to?
Switch cascade when?
110
1000
500
92
Set manifold to —-psi?
SCBA switch when drops to?
Switch cascade when?
110
1000
500
93
Meter readings
O2 19.5-20.9-23.5
LEL. 10% <
CO. 10-1,2000ppm
H2S. 10-100 ppm (IDLH)
94
Confined space permit needed
Hazardous
Engulfment
Inward converging walls
Serious safety of health
95
Safety officer records?
1) entry times
2) time in confined space
3) exit times
4) number of entries by individual
96
Air supply SABA shall be from a clean source supplying class—— breathing air only.
D
97
Lockout gasps and padlocks for each entrant…..gets the key?
Technical rescue safety officer
98
Who should be assigned to continuously monitor the air system?
Air supply manager
99
What can cause toxic sensors to give false reading, possibly negative PPM?
Oxidizers
100
Explosive range- propane
LEL- 2%
UEL-9.5%
101
Explosive range- methane
LEL- 5.3%
UEL- 15%
Vapor density- 0.554
102
Explosive range- CO
LEL- 12.5%
UEL- 74 %
Vapor density- 0.968
IDLH- 10-1,200 ppm
103
Explosive range- CO2
Vapor density- 1.527
104
Explosive range- CO2
Vapor density- 1.527
105
Explosive range- H2S ( hydrogen sulfide)
LEL- 4.5%
UEL- 45.5%
Vapor density- 1.19
IDLH- 10-100ppm
106
Explosive range- H2S ( hydrogen sulfide)
LEL- 4.5%
UEL- 45.5%
Vapor density- 1.19
IDLH- 10-100ppm
107
Explosive range- SO2 (sulfur dioxide)
Vapor density 2.264
