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Parasitology Exam 1 > Trematodes: Rumen, Lung and Intestinal Flukes > Flashcards

Trematodes: Rumen, Lung and Intestinal Flukes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of rumen flukes?

A

Thick and circular in cross section, ventral sucker on posterior end, small, pink, adults found in rumen

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2
Q

Where are rumen flukes located?

A

Sporadic in North America

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3
Q

What is the life cycle of rumen flukes?

A

Similar to Fasciola hepatica, snail is the IH and metacercariae are located on aquatic vegetation

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of rumen fluke infestation?

A

Hemorrhagic duodenitis, diarrhea, anemia, rarely death in juvenile adults. Flukes in adults are usually harmless.

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5
Q

What do rumen fluke eggs look like?

A

Are detected on sedimentation, oval, clear to gray/green, 160 x 90 um

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of lung flukes?

A

Adults live in lungs, round on cross section, have a spiny tegument.

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7
Q

What are the DH and IH of Paragonimus kellicotti?

A

DH: mink, muskrats, dogs, cats, wild carnivores, and humans. IH: 1st aquatic snail, 2nd freshwater crayfish

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8
Q

Where do Paragonimus kellicotti encyst in the host?

A

Lung parenchyma in pairs in cysts

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9
Q

Where is Paragonimus kellicotti located?

A

North America, east of the Rocky Mountains

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10
Q

What do adult P. kellicotti look like?

A

8-12 mm, ovoid, fleshy, reddish-grey

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11
Q

What do the P. kellicotti eggs look like?

A

100 x 50 um, ovoid, flattened on one side, amber, prominent operculum

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12
Q

What is the life cycle of P. kellicotti?

A

Adult flukes lie in the hosts of the DH, produce eggs that are coughed up and swallowed, passed with feces. Miricidia find and penetrate a snail, where they ungergo one sporocyst stage and two redial stages. Cercaria are released, and seek crayfish. Metacercariae located in the crayfish heart and pericardium, excyst when consumed by DH. Juvenile adult flukes migrate into the lungs and find another fluke to start reproducing.

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of P. kellicotti in dogs and cats?

A

Chronic cough, gagging, hemoptysis, fever, anorexia, death

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14
Q

How does one diagnose P. kellicotti?

A

Clinical signs, ova in feces or sputum, pulmonary cysts in radiographs, necropsy findings

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15
Q

What are possible treatment options of P. kellicotti?

A

None approved, all off label- fenbendazole, praziquantel, albendazole

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16
Q

What species does Paragonimus westermani infect?

A

Humans

17
Q

What is the concern with infection with Nanophyetus salmonicola?

A

Non pathogenic by itself, but can carry Salmon Poisoning disease and Elokomin Fluke fever

18
Q

What are the DH and IH of Nanophyetus salmonicola?

A

DH: canids, raccoons, bear, cats, lynx, opossum, otter, mink
IH: 1st snail, 2nd salmoid fish, pacific giant salmander

19
Q

What do the adult Nanophyetus salmonicola look like?

A

Small adults, white or cream colored; eggs are yellowish-brown, operculate, small blue pole point opposite operculum, 70 x 40 um

20
Q

What is the life cycle of N. salmonicola?

A

Live in the SI of DH, eggs are passed in the feces, hatch in 3 to 6 months, miracidia penetrate snail, cercaria penetrate fish, become metacercaria in kidneys and other tissues, DH eats fish

21
Q

What is the pathogenicity of N. salmonicola in the DH?

A

Adult flukes in dogs usually cause no clinical problems, but a massive infection could cause catarrhal or hemorrhagic enteritis

22
Q

What is the pathogenicity of N. salmonicola in fish?

A

Can kill salmonid fry, minnows and sculpin

23
Q

What are the characteristics of Salmon Poisoning disease?

A

Causes Rickettsial disease, high mortality in canids, signs of sudden high fever, anorexia, weight loss, weakness, vomiting/diarrhea, death in 7-10 days.

24
Q

How does one diagnose Salmon Poisoning disease?

A

Find N. salmincola eggs in feces, isolate rickettsia in lymph nodes

25
Q

What are the characteristics of Elokomin Fluke Fever?

A

Similar but less severe than Salmon Poisoning disease, higher morbidity but lower mortality

26
Q

What are the characteristics of Alaria?

A

Most common fluke encountered in dogs, normally not pathogenic

27
Q

What is the DH of Alaria?

A

dogs, cats, fox and mink

28
Q

What is the life cycle of Alaria?

A

2 IH hosts, snails and frogs, DH gets infected by eating frogs containing metacercariae, juvenile flukes migrate before maturing in SI

29
Q

What is the pathogenicity of Alaria?

A

Heavy infections in dogs and cats may cause severe duodenitis

Parasitology Exam 1 (13 decks)

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