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Parasitology Exam 1 > The Malarias > Flashcards

The Malarias Flashcards

1
Q

What phylum is malaria a part of?

A

Apicomplexa

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2
Q

What are the commonalities between the malarias?

A

All are apicomplexans, parasitic, heteroxenous (require 2 hosts).

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3
Q

How many hosts does malaria require?

A

Two- vertebrate for schizogony, invertebrate from sporogony and gametogony

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4
Q

Where does sporogony take place for Plasmodium?

A

In the mosquito

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5
Q

Where does schizogony take place for Plasmodium?

A

In the vertebrate

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6
Q

Where does gametogony take place for Plasmodium?

A

Starts in vertebrate, but fertilization is in the mosquito

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7
Q

What is the appearance of Plasmodium in the blood cell?

A

Signet ring

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8
Q

What are ways of preventing/controlling Plasmodium?

A

Insecticides, nets, destruction of larval development sites, drug treatment of individuals, prophylactic treatment

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9
Q

Where does the exoerythrocytic cycle occur in avian malaria?

A

Endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells

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10
Q

What is Haemoproteus spp. and what species does it affect?

A

Malaria of birds and reptiles, worldwide

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11
Q

Where does Haemoproteus form gamonts?

A

Red blood cells, only stage in circulation

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12
Q

What is Leukococytozoon?

A

Type of avian malaria, transmitted by black flies

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13
Q

What is the life cycle of Leukococytozoon spp?

A

Sporozoites go to the liver, in the tissue megaloschizonts, gamonts in RBCs and WBCs

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14
Q

What is the effect of Leukococytozoon in turkeys?

A

80% losses, young birds most susceptible

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15
Q

How can one diagnose Leucocytozoon?

A

History of blackflies, signs, symptoms and lesions, ID gamonts in blood film

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16
Q

How can one prevent Leucocytozoon spp.?

A

Treat with Clopirdol and prevent by controlling blackfly population

17
Q

What are the characteristics of Piroplasms?

A

Apicomplexans, blood cell parasites, pigment not formed from host hemoglobin, ticks are usually definitive hosts

18
Q

What does Babesia cause?

A

Teas cattle fever

19
Q

What is the significance of Texas Cattle Fever?

A

No longer a problem in the US, problem in Latin American livestock, importation of the parasite is a major concern

20
Q

What are the hosts of Babesia?

A

Hosts are all domesticated animals, vector is ixodid or hard ticks

21
Q

What does Babesia look like?

A

Teardrop shaped, 2-5 microns, live in RBCs

22
Q

Where does the life cycle of Babesia occur?

A

Entirely in the RBC, no exoerythrocytic schizogony

23
Q

What is transovarial reproduction in Babesia?

A

Vertical transmission, one host ticks

24
Q

What is the life cycle of Babesia in a tick?

A

TYPE IT HERE

25
Q

What is stage to stage reproduction in Babesia?

A

Lateral transmission, 2 to 3 host ticks

26
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Babesia?

A

Highly pathogeneic, mortality higher in adults, massive destruction of RBCs so anemia, edema, icterus,hypotension

27
Q

What are the clinical signs of Babesia?

A

high fever, malaise, anorexia, anemia, edema, icterus, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, diarrhea

28
Q

What is the treatment for Babesia?

A

Imidocarb

29
Q

What is Babesia microti?

A

Found in small rodents, transmitted by the deer tick, reported in humans but disease is self-limiting

30
Q

What is the parasite that causes Canine Hepatozoonosis?

A

Hepatozoon americanum

31
Q

What are the characteristics of Canine Hepatozoonosis?

A

New disease, dog ingests the tick host and the sporozoites are released, signs of chronic wasting

32
Q

What is the host of Theileria spp?

A

Hosts are cattle, zebu, water buffalo. DH is the ixodid or hard tick.

33
Q

Where do Theileria reside?

A

Occur in RBCs or lymphocytes

34
Q

What is the life cycle of Theileria spp?

A

TYPE HERE

35
Q

What disease does Theileria parva cause?

A

East Coast Fever, causes dyspnea, emaciation, weakness, tarry diarrhea and high mortality

36
Q

Describe Cytauxzoon felis.

A

Relatively new disease of domestic cats, natural host is the bobcat, found in south central and southeastern US, rapid onset and often fatal.

37
Q

How do you diagnose Cytauzoon felis?

A

Stained blood smear, usually postmortem finding

38
Q

Smith and Kilborne, along with Curtis discovered the life of what in 1893?

A

Babesia bigmina

Parasitology Exam 1 (13 decks)

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