Tapeworms of Companion Animals Flashcards
What are the DH and IH of Taenia hydatigena?
DH dogs and wild carnivores, IH pigs, sheep and other ruminants
How would you describe Cysticercus tenuicollis?
Large, resides in omentum and mesentaries, rarely cause problems
What are the DH and IH of Taenia ovis?
DH dogs and other carnivores, IH sheep
What are the DH and IH of Taenia krabbei?
Wild Taenia- DH canids, wolves, etc. IH cervids
Where are adult Taenia multiceps found?
Dogs and other canids
Where are the Coenurus cerebralis larvae found?
Found in the brain, numerous protoscolesces attached to the lining of the cyst, occupies space
What are the signs with sheep infected by Coenurus cerebralis?
Neurological signs, mostly associated with high stepping gait.
What are the DH and IH of Echinococcus granulosus?
DH dog, IH sheep, goats, pigs and humans
Where are Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts located?
Liver, lungs, peritoneum, brain
What aspect of E. granulosus hydatid cysts causes problems for IH?
Space occupying related to location
T/F E. granulosus is a large parasite.
False, very small- size of a pin
What transmission relationship is the most common for E. granulosus in North America?
Wolves/dogs to sheep. Also human entrance as IH.
What do adult E. granulosus look like?
Small, whitish worms, 3-5 proglottid segments, scolex has 2 rows of hooks, 4 suckers
What do the hydatid cysts of E. granulosus look like?
Unilocular, fluid filled (can contain several liters), filled with “hydatid sand”, grow slowly
What is the life cycle of E. granulosus?
DH has adult worm in SI, sheds terminal proglottid with eggs, IH ingests eggs, migrates to liver, lung, matures into hydatid cyst, DH ingests contents of hydatid cyst
What are the clinical signs of E. granulosus in non-humans?
Infections with adults- no signs, hydatid cysts- clinical diseases rare, condemnation of meat
What are the clinical signs of E. granulosus in humans?
Pressure necrosis in liver, lung, accidental rupture leading to systemic anaphylaxis
How does one diagnose E. granulosus in dogs?
Taenia type egg in feces, can purge with arecoline to recover adult worms
How does one diagnose E. granulosus in sheep, goats, pig and moose?
Find cyst on necropsy
How does one diagnose E. granulosus in humans?
Space occupying lesion, history, cysts on radiographs, US, CAT scans, immuno-diagnostic tests
T/F the treatment of dogs for E. granulosus is praziquantel and epsiprantel.
True
How are sheep treated for E. granulosus?
Not treated, condemned
How are humans treated for E. granulosus?
Surgical removal, albendazole early in infection
How does one control E. granulosus?
Education, sanitation, no offal feeding to dogs, mass periodic treatment of dogs, rigid control of livestock slaughtering
What is the difference between E. granulosus and E. multilocularlaris?
E. multilocularis uses fox and small rodents, hydatid cyst buds externally, cases in Minnesota
What do E. multilocularis adults look like?
Smaller than E. granulosus, posterior segments less than 1/2 length
What do the hydatid cysts of E. multilocularis look like?
Affinity for rodent andhuman liver, no firm outer membrane, like a living tumor that grows very quickly
What are the clinical signs of E. multilocularis in foxes?
None
What are the clinical signs of E. multilocularis in rodents?
Probably fatal
What are the clinical signs of E. multilocularis in humans?
One of the most lethal parasitic diseases
What are the hosts of Dipylidium caninum?
DH dogs, cats, wild canids and felids, occasionally humans. IH fleas and biting louse
Where do Dipylidium caninum reside in their hosts?
Adults in SI, cysticercoid in flea or louse
What is the distribution of D. caninum?
worldwide
Describe the adults of Dipylidium caninum.
Up to 50 cm long, proglottids are larger than wide, 2 genital pores, gravid segments contain eggs in packets
What is the life cycle of D. caninum?
Adults in SI, segments pass out of rectum, very motile, IH larval flea ingests eggs, develops to cysticercoid in adult flea, DH ingests flea containing cysticercoid, tapeworm develop in SI
What are the clinical signs of Dipylidium caninum?
Rarely pathogenic, nonspecific abdominal signs, diarrhea/constipation, etc.
How does one diagnose D. caninum?
Gravid segments, egg packets in feces, when dried out, rehydrate in water
How does one diagnose/control D. caninum?
Praziquantel, epsiprantel. Also need to control the fleas
What are the hosts of Mesocestoides?
DH dogs, cats, wild canids/felids; IH 1st coprophagous oribatid mite, 2nd various amphibians, reptiles, rodents, dogs and cats
What adult Mesocestoides look like?
reside in SI, 30-350 cm long, 1 set of reproductive organs per segments
What is the life cycle of Mesocestoides?
Segments pass in the DH’s feces, oribatid mite ingests eggs where develops into cysticercoid, 2nd IH ingests mite, tetrathyridium develops in serous cavities, DH ingests infected IH and worms develop in the SI
What are the clinical signs of Mesocestoides?
DH- usually harmless; IH severe parasitic peritonitis and ascities
How does one diagnose/treat Mesocestoides?
Egg or proglottid in feces, treat with praziquantel
