Trematodes (flukes) & Cestodes (Tapeworms) Flashcards
1
Q
Nematodes exploit
A
grass and soil
2
Q
Trematodes exploit
A
water
3
Q
Cestodes exploit
A
prey-predator relationship, where prey is IH
4
Q
Lung and gut are infected through
A
ingestion
5
Q
Blood flukes penetrate
A
skin
6
Q
Features of trematodes
A
- Associated w water
- Indirect lifecycle; snails as IH
- wide host range
- persist for years in host
- cause chronic disease
7
Q
Liver fluke (Fasciola) life cycle
A
- Eggs shed in faeces 10-12 weeks after infection
- Miracidium hatches after 2-4 weeks
- Snail as IH
- Develop on grass and is viable for several months as a metacercaria
- ingested by animal and migrate through liver and mature
8
Q
Pathology of Liver fluke
A
- Subacute fascioliasis: anaemia, jaundice, ill thrift
- Chronic fasciolosis: liver fibrosis, inappetance, diarrhoae, bottle jaw
- Black disease
9
Q
Signs of Trematodes
A
weakness, pale mucous membranes due to anaemia, and jaundice (yellowing)
10
Q
Diagnosis of trematodes
A
- find eggs in faeces
2. find parasites in liver and bile ducts
11
Q
Tests for liver fluke
A
- Fluke worm egg count
- Fluke ELISA blood test
- Faecal fluke antigen test (expensive)
12
Q
Control for fluke
A
- drenching
- Non-chemical control: pipe water and keep dams fenced
- vaccination
- Selective breeding not yet
- biological control of snails?
13
Q
treatment of trematodes
A
- no acquired immunity in sheep, partial in cattle
- Flukicides
- removal of IH/reduction of contact (drainage to remove snail habitat)
14
Q
Cestodes features
A
- Scolex (head at thin end)
- neck
- Strobila; series of Proglottids (newest to oldest and thickest)
15
Q
Cestodes have no
A
digestive tract; reproduction in segments
