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AVBS3001- Parasitology > Malaria: Protozoa II > Flashcards

Malaria: Protozoa II Flashcards

1
Q

Malaria is caused by 4 Plasodium

A
  1. P. Malariae
  2. P. Ovale
  3. P. Vivax
  4. P. Falciparum
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2
Q

Malaria life cycle in 2 organisms

A
  1. mosquito (sexual cycle)

2. Human (asexual cycle)

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3
Q

Malaria life cycle

A
  1. Infected mosquito bites human; sporozoites migrate through bloodstream to liver of human
  2. sporozoites undergo schizogony in liver cells; merozoites are produced
  3. Merezoites released into bloodstream from liver infects new RBC
  4. Merezoite develops rings stage in RBC
  5. Ring stage grows and divides producing mereozoites
  6. Merozoites are released when RBC ruptures; some merozoites infect new RBC, some develop into male and female gametocytes
  7. Another mosquito bites infected human and ingests gametocytes
  8. In mosquito digestive tract, gametocytes unite to form zygot
  9. Resulting sporozoites migrate to salivary glands of mosquito
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4
Q

Malaria: Exoerythrocytic Schizogony

A
  • hepatocyte invasion
  • asexual replication
  • no overt pathology
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5
Q

relapse

A

hypnozoite

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6
Q

recrudenscence

A

subpatent

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7
Q

Erythrocytic stage

A
  • intracellular parasite undergoes trophic phase
  • young trophozoite called ‘ring form’
  • ingest host haemoglobine
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8
Q

Erythrocytic Schizogony

A
  • nuclear division
  • erythrocyte ruptures releasing merozoites
  • blood stage results in disease symptoms
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9
Q

Malaria clinical features is characterised by

A

acute febrile attacks (malaria paroxysms)

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10
Q

Manifestations and severity depends on

A

species and host status: immunity, health, nutritional state, genetics

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11
Q

recrudescences and relapses can occure over

A

months or years

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12
Q

Paroxysms associated with

A

synchrony of merozoite release

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13
Q

Falciparum is different

A

may not exhibit classic paroxysms and thus has continous fever

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14
Q

Gametogenesis occurs in

A

mosquito gut.

  • Exflagellation most obvious
  • gametocyte activating factor in mosquito
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15
Q

Sporogony

A

occurs in mosquito

  • fusion of micro and macrogrametes
  • zygote–>ookinete
  • ookinete transverses gut epithelium
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16
Q

Invasive stages

A
  1. Merozoite: erythrocyte
  2. Sporozoite: salivary glands and hepatocytes
  3. Ookinete: epithelium
17
Q

P. vivax causes

A
  • benign tertian malaria
  • fever paroxysms recur every 48 hrs
  • relapses up to several yrs
18
Q

P. falciparum causes

A
  • malignant tertian malarai
  • fever paroxysms recur every 48 hours
  • true relapses do not occur
  • most virulent in humans
  • greatest killer of humanity
19
Q

P. malariae causes

A
  • quartan malaria
  • fever paroxysms recur every 72 hrs
  • relapses up to several decades
  • transfusion malaria
20
Q

P. ovale causes

A
  • milk tertian malaria
  • fever paroxysms recur every 48 hrs
  • rarest malaria

AVBS3001- Parasitology (11 decks)

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