Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MTAP 1 > Trematodes > Flashcards

Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

aka FLUKES

A

TREMATODES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

appearance of adult TREMATODES

A

Leaf-like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TREMATODES: monoecious or dioecious

A

Monoecious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Infective stage of trematodes

A

Metacercaria (last larval stage of trematodes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Means of trematodes in attaching themselves to the host

A

2 suckers (oral and ventral/acetabulum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 suckers of trematodes

A

Oral sucker
Ventral sucker (acetabulum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many suckers does trematodes have? Is there an exception?

A

2 suckers (oral and ventral/acetabulum)

Exception: Heterophyes heterophyes = 3rd sucker: genital sucker/gonotyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

No. and type of host required by trematodes

A

2 INTERMEDIATE HOSTS

1st IH: Snail
2nd IH: Fish, crabs, vegetation, snail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

General MOT of trematodes

A

Ingestion of the 2nd intermediate host infected with Metacercaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give some habitats of trematodes

A

Liver
Intestines
Pancreas
Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the egg stage of trematodes

A

Eggs – has operculum (lid-like; allows exit of larva from the egg when they hatch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

lid-like structure that allows the exit of larva from the egg when they hatch

A

operculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

larval stage of trematodes

A

(5 sub-stages) – “My Sister Rent a Car for Me”
* Miracidium
* Sporocyst
* Redia
* Cercaria
* Metacercaria – infective stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the adult stage of trematodes

A

Oviparous or Oviviparous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Enumerate FASCIOLIDS

A
  • Fasciola hepatica – liver fluke
  • Fasciola gigantica – liver fluke
  • Fasciolopsis buski – intestinal fluke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Enumerate HETEROPHYIDS

A
  • Clonorchis sinensis
  • Opisthorchis felineus
  • Heterophyes heterophyes
  • Metagonimus yokogawai
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Enumerate INTESTINAL FLUKES

A

Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Enumerate LIVER FLUKES

A

Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Clonorchis sinensis
Opisthorchis felineus
Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LUNG FLUKE

A

Paragonimus westermani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PANCREATIC FLUKE

A

Eurytrema pancreaticum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Enumerate SCHISTOSOMES / BLOOD FLUKES

A

Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma mekongi
Schistosoma intercalatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

aka Giant Intestinal Fluke

A

Fasciolopsis buski

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Largest fluke parasitizing man

A

Fasciolopsis buski

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

larger than F. gigantica

A

Fasciolopsis buski

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

FINAL HOST of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

1ST IH of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Snails:
* Segmentina
* Hippeutis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

2ND IH of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Vegetation:
* Water Caltrop (Trapa bicornis)
* Water Chestnut (Eliocharis tuberosa)
* Kangkong/Morning Glory (Ipomea obscura)
* Lotus (Nymphaea lotus)
* Bamboo shoots (Zizania latifolia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Habitat of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Infective stage of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Metacercaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

PATHOLOGY: Fasciolopsis buski

A

Abdominal discomfort
Diarrhea
Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Lab dx of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Stool examination
Concentration techniques
Molecular techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Drug of choice for Fasciolopsis buski

A

Praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Adult form has:
- simple intestinal ceca
- 2 dendritic testes in tandem
- branched ovaries

A

Fasciolopsis buski

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Egg of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Indistinguishable from other fasciolid ova

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

aka Garrison’s Fluke

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Discovered by Philip Garrison among prisoners of Bilibid Prison in Manila, PH

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

FINAL HOST of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

1ST IH of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Snails:
* Gyraulus convexiusculus
* Hippeutis umbilicalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

2ND IH of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Snails:
* Kuhol (Pila luzonica)
* Susong Pampang (Vivipara angularis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Habitat of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Infective stage of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Metacercaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

PATHOLOGY: Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Abdominal discomfort
Chronic mucous diarrhea
Eosinophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Lab dx of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Stool examination
Concentration techniques
Molecular techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Drug of choice for Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Adult is described having Circumoral disk with crown of spines (49-51 spines) surrounding the oral sucker

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Describe Echinostoma ilocanum egg

A

Germ ball egg with triangular operculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Germ ball egg with triangular operculum

A

Echinostoma ilocanum egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

aka
Von Siebold’s Fluke
Heterophyid Fluke

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Smallest trematode of man

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Deadliest trematode (can migrate to brain, heart, spinal cord)

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes migration to the heart (15% of the fetal heart disease)

A

Heterophyid myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

FINAL HOST of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

1ST IH of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Snails:
* Cerithidea
* Pirenella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

2ND IH of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Fishes:
* Balanak (Mugil spp.)
* Tilapia (Tilapia spp.)
* Kanduli (Arius manilensis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

HABITAT of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

INFECTIVE STAGE of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Metacercaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

PATHOLOGY: Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Abdominal pain
Mucous diarrhea
Ulceration of intestinal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Lab dx for Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Stool examination
Concentration techniques
Molecular techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Drug of choice for Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Adult has:
- genital sucker surrounding genital pore
- 3rd sucker: genital sucker (gonocyte/gonotyl)

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Old-fashioned light bulb egg

A

Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Different characteristic from other heterophyids: NO protuberance at the abopercular end

A

Old-fashioned light bulb egg of Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokogawai

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

how do you differ M. yokogawai egg with H. heterophyes

A

M. yokogawai: thinner shell (still not a basis for differentiation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

aka Yokogawa’s Fluke

A

Metagonimus yokogawai

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

1ST IH of Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Snails:
* Semisulcospira
* Thiara
* Hua

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

2ND IH of Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Fishes:
* Salmonoid
* Cyprinoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Habitat of Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Infective stage of Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Metacercaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

PATHOLOGY: Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Abdominal pain
Mucous diarrhea
Ulceration of intestinal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Lab dx for Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Stool examination
Concentration techniques
Molecular techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Drug of choice for Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Adult is:
Pyriform-shaped
Scaly spines
NO gonotyl

A

Metagonimus yokogawai

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Describe the egg of Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Old-fashioned light bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Describe the egg of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Old-fashioned light bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Describe the adult form of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Has simple intestinal ceca
2 dendritic testes in tandem
Branched ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Describe the adult form of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

Circumoral disk with crown of spines (49-51 spines) surrounding the oral sucker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

No. of spines of Echinostoma ilocanum

A

49-51 spines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Describe the adult form of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Has genital sucker surrounding genital pore
3rd sucker: genital sucker (gonocyte/gonotyl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Describe the adult form of Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Pyriform-shaped
Scaly spines
NO gonotyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Intestinal fluke with fishes as their 2nd IH

A

Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Intestinal fluke with snails as their both 1ST and 2ND IH

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Intestinal fluke with vegetation as their 2ND IH

A

Fasciolopsis buski

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

aka
Sheep Liver Fluke
Temperate Liver Fluke

A

Fasciola hepatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Natural/final host of Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

1st IH of Fasciola hepatica

A

Snails:
* Lymnea philippinensis
* Lymnea auricularia rubiginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Accidental host of Fasciola hepatica

A

Man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

2nd IH of Fasciola hepatica

A

Vegetations:
* Kangkong (Ipomea obscura)
* Water cress (Nasturtium officinale)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Habitat of Fasciola hepatica

A

Liver parenchyma, gall bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Infective stage of F. hepatica

A

Metacercaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Pathology of F. hepatica

A

Fascioliasis / sheep liver rot
Liver atrophy
Pharyngeal suffocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

result of the temporary lodgment of F. hepatica in pharynx

A

Pharyngeal suffocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Pharyngeal suffocation term originated from Lebanon

A

Halzoun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

Pharyngeal suffocation term originated from Sudan

A

Mararra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

Lab dx for F. hepatica

A

Stool examination
Liver biopsy
PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Drug of choice for F. hepatica

A

Bithionol
Triclabendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

Adult form:
- With cephalic cone
- Well-developed shoulder

A

Fasciola hepatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

Adult form:
- Larger than F. hepatica
- Shorter cephalic cone
- Less developed shoulder

A

Fasciola gigantica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

describe larval stage of both F. hepatica and gigantica

A

ALL STAGES PRESENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

with Hen’s egg shape

A

ALL FASCIOLIDS EGG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

Describe F. hepatica adult

A

With cephalic cone
Well-developed shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Describe F. gigantica adult

A

Larger than F. hepatica
Shorter cephalic cone
Less developed shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

describe fasciolid eggs

A
  • Large
  • Operculated
  • Unembryonated
  • Yellowish-brown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

aka
Giant Liver Fluke
Tropical Liver Fluke

A

Fasciola gigantica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

Largest liver fluke

A

Fasciola gigantica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

Natural/final host of Fasciola gigantica

A

Local cattle, herbivores

106
Q

Accidental host of Fasciola gigantica

107
Q

1ST IH of Fasciola gigantica

A

Snails:
* Lymnea philippinensis
* Lymnea auricularia rubiginosa

108
Q

2ND IH of Fasciola gigantica

A

Vegetations:
* Kangkong (Ipomea obscura)
* Water cress (Nasturtium officinale)

109
Q

Habitat of Fasciola gigantica

A

Liver parenchyma, gall bladder

111
Q

Infective stage of Fasciola gigantica

A

Metacercaria

112
Q

Pathology of Fasciola gigantica

A

Fascioliasis / sheep liver rot
Liver atrophy
Pharyngeal suffocation

113
Q

Lab dx for Fasciola gigantica

A

Stool examination
Liver biopsy
PCR

114
Q

Drug of choice for Fasciola gigantica

A

Bithionol
Triclabendazole

115
Q

aka
Oriental Liver Fluke
Chinese Liver Fluke

A

Clonorchis sinensis

116
Q

Most important liver fluke of man

A

Clonorchis sinensis

117
Q

Parasite that is a potential carcinogen

A

Clonorchis sinensis

118
Q

Natural/final host of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Man and other fish-eating vertebrae

119
Q

1ST IH of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Snails:
* Parafossarulus
* Bulinus
* Semisulcospira
* Alocinma
* Thiara
* Melanoides

120
Q

2ND IH of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Fishes:
* Cyprinidae

121
Q

Habitat of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Liver parenchyma
Gall bladder
Pancreatic duct

122
Q

Infective stage of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Metacercaria

123
Q

pathology of Clonorchis sinensis

A
  • Bile duct obstruction
  • Periductal fibrosis
  • Gallbladder & liver carcinoma
  • Liver dysfunction
124
Q

Disease state mostly caused by C. sinensis

A

Gallbladder & liver carcinoma
(Hepatocellular carcinoma, Cholangiocarcinoma)

125
Q

caused by C. sinensis; occurs on severely infected px over a long time period

A

Liver dysfunction

126
Q

Lab dx for Clonorchis sinensis

A

Stool Exam
Serologic tests (ELISA, EIA)
Molecular tests (PRC)

127
Q

Drug of choice for Clonorchis sinensis

A

Praziquantel
Albendazole

128
Q

Describe the morphology of adult Clonorchis sinensis

A

GENERAL TO HETEROPHYIDS: Leaf-like with transparent tegument, has Vitellaria in the middle third of the body

SPECIFIC: 2 large, highly branched testes arranged in
tandem

129
Q

Has 2 large, highly branched testes arranged in
tandem

A

Clonorchis sinensis

130
Q

Pitcher-shaped/old-fashioned electric light bulb-shaped

A

ALL HETEROPHYIDS EGGS

131
Q

Describe HETEROPHYIDS EGGS

A
  • Yellowish-brown, ovoid
  • Distinct convex operculum that fits to the thickened rim of the eggshell
  • Thick rim located around the operculum (shoulders)
  • Small, comma-shaped protuberance at the abopercular end
132
Q

aka Cat Liver Fluke
Siberia Liver Fluke

A

Opisthorchis felineus

133
Q

First described by McConnell

A

Opisthorchis felineus

134
Q

aka Southeast Asian Liver Fluke

A

*Opisthorchis viverrini

135
Q

Natural/final host of Opisthorchis felineus

136
Q

1ST IH of Opisthorchis felineus

A

Snails:
* Bithynia

137
Q

2ND IH of Opisthorchis felineus

A

Fishes:
* Cyprinidae
* Cobitidae

138
Q

Habitat of Opisthorchis felineus

A

Liver parenchyma
Gall bladder
Pancreatic duct

139
Q

Infective stage of Opisthorchis felineus

A

Metacercaria

140
Q

Pathology of Opisthorchis felineus

A

Bile duct obstruction
Periductal fibrosis

141
Q

Lab dx for Opisthorchis felineus

A

Stool Exam
Serologic tests (ELISA, EIA)
Molecular tests (PRC)

142
Q

Drug of choice for Opisthorchis felineus

A

Praziquantel
Albendazole

143
Q

Describe Opisthorchis felineus adult

A

GENERAL TO HETEROPHYIDS: Leaf-like with transparent tegument, has Vitellaria in the middle third of the body

SPECIFIC: Lobate testes arranged obliquely

144
Q

Adult has lobate testes arranged obliquely

A

Opisthorchis felineus

145
Q

gravid uterus/uterus filled with ova

A

Vitellaria

146
Q

aka
Lanceolate
Lancet Fluke

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata

147
Q

Dicrocoelium spp. responsible for human infection in West Africa

A

Dicrocoelium hospes

148
Q

Natural/final host of Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata

A

Cattle/Sheep
Man

149
Q

1ST IH of Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata

A

Snails:
* Cochlicopa
* Helix
* Xerolenta
* Zebrina

150
Q

2ND IH of Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata

A

Black Ants:
* Formica fusca

151
Q

Habitat of Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata

A

Liver parenchyma
Gall bladder
*Biliary passage of the liver

152
Q

Infective stage of Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata

A

Metacercaria

153
Q

Pathology of Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata

A

Cirrhosis
Liver Fibrosis

154
Q

Lab dx for Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata

A

Liver Biopsy
PCR

155
Q

Describe the Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata ADULT

A

Lancet-shaped (flattened and tapered at both ends)
Transparent

156
Q

Adult is lancet-shaped (flattened and tapered at both ends) and transparent

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata

157
Q

Describe Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata EGG

A

Thick-shelled
Operculated
Deep golden brown

158
Q

With thick-shelled, operculated, deep golden brown egg

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum/ lanceolata

159
Q

aka Oriental Lung Fluke

A

Paragonimus westermani

160
Q

parasite common in Sorsogon

A

Paragonimus westermani

161
Q

Habitat of Paragonimus westermani

162
Q

Final host of Paragonimus westermani

163
Q

1st IH of Paragonimus westermani

A

Snails:
* Antemelania asperata (formerly Brotia asperata)
* Antemelania dactylus

164
Q

2nd IH of Paragonimus westermani

A

Crabs: Sundathelphusa philippina (formerly Parathelphusa grapsoides)

165
Q

Infective stage of Paragonimus westermani

A

Metacercaria

166
Q

Describe Paragonimus westermani ADULT

A

Coffee-bean shaped
Wavy or succulent intestinal ceca

167
Q

Adult is coffee-bean shaped and has wavy or succulent intestinal ceca

A

Paragonimus westermani

168
Q

Egg has thickened abopercular end and flattened but prominent operculum

A

Paragonimus westermani

169
Q

Egg is similar with Diphyllobothrium latum (cestode) ova

A

Paragonimus westermani

170
Q

Describe Paragonimus westermani EGG

A

Thickened abopercular end
Flattened but prominent operculum
Similar with Diphyllobothrium latum (cestode) ova

171
Q

Pathology of Paragonimus westermani

A

Paragonimiasis (Pulmonary distomiasis)

172
Q

Chronic cough and hemoptysis (cough with blood); Resembles TB; caused by P. westermani

A

Paragonimiasis (Pulmonary distomiasis)

173
Q

Lab dx for P. westermani

A

Sputum Examination
Stool exam (DFS)
Chest X-ray
Serodiagnosis (ELISA, IB)
Molecular Tests (PCR)

174
Q

what must be observed in sputum exam to confirm P. westermani presence?

A

ova + Charcot-Leyden crystals (eosinophil degradation product)

may also look for adult

175
Q

why is stool exam also necessary for lab dx of P. westermani?

A

sputum ingestion → intestines → stool

176
Q

Habitat of Eurytrema pancreaticum

A

Pancreatic duct

177
Q

Final host Eurytrema pancreaticum

A

Cattle/Sheep

178
Q

1st IH of Eurytrema pancreaticum

179
Q

2nd IH of Eurytrema pancreaticum

A

Ants
Grasshoppers
Mantis
Crickets

180
Q

Infective stage of Eurytrema pancreaticum

A

Metacercaria

181
Q

Describe Eurytrema pancreaticum ADULT

A

Ruffled margins

182
Q

Describe Eurytrema pancreaticum EGG

A

Operculated, embryonated

183
Q

Adult has ruffled margins

A

Eurytrema pancreaticum

184
Q

Fluke with operculated and embryonated egg

A

Eurytrema pancreaticum

185
Q

General characteristics are different from the other flukes

A

SCHISTOSOMES / BLOOD FLUKES

186
Q

Elongated/cylindrical
DIOECIOUS trematode

A

SCHISTOSOMES / BLOOD FLUKES

187
Q

trematode with Only 1 IH, which is SNAIL

A

SCHISTOSOMES / BLOOD FLUKES

188
Q

IH of SCHISTOSOMES

189
Q

infective stage of schistosomes

A

Miracidia (infective stage to the snail)
Cercaria (infective stage to the final/definitive host)

190
Q

infective stage of schistosomes to the snail

191
Q

infective stage of schistosomes to final/definitive host

192
Q

MOT of schistosomes

A

skin penetration

193
Q

Most romantic parasite

A

schistosomes / blood flukes
(since they are always in copula or perpetual copulation)

194
Q

describe adult female schistosomes

A

oviviparous (lay mature ova)

195
Q

describe adult male schistosomes

A

have gynecophoral canal/grooves (where the female is held); larger than females

196
Q

characteristic of the eggs of schistosomes

A

non-operculated (unlike other trematodes)

197
Q

larval stages of schistosomes

A

MIRACIDIA —> SPOROCYST —> CERCARIA
no redia and metacercaria

198
Q

habitat of adult schistosomes

A

blood vessels

199
Q

parasite discovered in Mekong River

A

Schistosoma mekongi

200
Q

Eggs resembles egg of S. japonicum, but smaller

A

Schistosoma mekongi

201
Q

Adults of this parasite reside in small intestines venules

A

S. mekongi

202
Q

Eggs resemble egg of S. haematobium, but with equatorial/central bulge

A

Schistosoma intercalatum

203
Q

Adults of this parasite reside in colon venules (large intestine)

A

Schistosoma intercalatum

204
Q

aka Oriental Blood Fluke

A

Schistosoma japonicum

205
Q

Parasite common in Mindoro, Leyte, Sorsogon, Mindanao

A

Schistosoma japonicum

206
Q

has the SMALLEST EGG among blood flukes

A

Schistosoma japonicum

207
Q

LARGEST blood fluke in terms of size

A

Schistosoma japonicum

208
Q

IH of Schistosoma japonicum

A

SNAILS:
Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi

209
Q

Habitat of Schistosoma japonicum

A

BV: Superior mesenteric vein

210
Q

Infective stage of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Cercaria (forked tailed larva)

211
Q

a forked tailed larva

212
Q

what happened to the cercaria (forked tailed larva) of schistosomes when they exhibit SKIN PENETRATION?

A

Tail is removed
Became a schistosomule/schistosomula/schistosomulum (tail less cercaria)

213
Q

tail less cercaria

A

Schistosomule
Schistosomula
Schistosomulum

214
Q

disease generally caused by schistosomes

A

Swimmer’s itch (aka Gulf-coast itch, Cercarial itch, Clam digger’s itch)

215
Q

Dermatitis (allergic rxn) with pruritis at the site of cercarial skin penetration caused by schistosomes

A

Swimmer’s itch (aka Gulf-coast itch, Cercarial itch, Clam digger’s itch)

216
Q

disease/conditions caused by Schistosoma japonicum

A

Snail Fever, Katayama disease, or Katayama fever

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

Oriental Schistosomiasis

Swamp fever

217
Q

systemic hypersensitivity rxn to the schistosomulum migrating through tissue; caused by S. japonicum

A

Snail Fever,
Katayama disease, or
Katayama fever

218
Q

most serious consequence of chronic schistosomiasis (caused by S. japonicum)

A

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

219
Q

characterized of hepatomegaly, ascites (inc. peritoneal fluid), portal hypertension, and development of collateral circulation; enlarged tummy in children; caused by S. japonicum

A

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

220
Q

Describe S. japonicum ADULT worm

A

Largest
With smooth integument

221
Q

Describe S. japonicum EGG

A

Knob-like/curved hook of protuberance on one side (lateral knob)
Smallest egg of all schistosoma

222
Q

With the largest adult among blood flukes and has a smooth integument

A

S. japonicum

223
Q

aka Mansoni Blood Fluke

A

Schistosoma mansoni

223
Q

Knob-like/curved hook of protuberance on one side (lateral knob); smallest egg of all schistosoma

A

S. japonicum

224
Q

First reported by Theodore Bilharz

A

Schistosoma mansoni

225
Q

Final host of Schistosoma mansoni

226
Q

Final host of S. japonicum

227
Q

IH of Schistosoma mansoni

A

SNAILS:
Biomphalaria spp.
Australorbis spp.
Tropicorbis spp.
Planorbis spp.

228
Q

Habitat of Schistosoma mansoni

A

BV: Inferior mesenteric vein of the colon/rectum

229
Q

Infective stage of S. mansoni

230
Q

MOT of all schistosomes

A

Skin penetration

231
Q

disease/condition caused by S. mansoni

A

Intestinal Bilharziasis

232
Q

Describe S. mansoni ADULT worm

A

Smallest
With coarse tuberculation

233
Q

Smallest ADULT fluke with coarse tuberculation

A

S. mansoni

234
Q

Describe S. mansoni EGG

A

Light yellowish brown with large lateral spine on one side (rose-thorn appearance)

235
Q

has a rose-thorn appearance of egg; light yellowish brown with large lateral spine on one side

A

S. mansoni egg

236
Q

schistosomes with similar lab dx due to similarities in habitat

A

Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma mansoni

(both in mesenteric vein)

237
Q

Lab dx for both Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni

A

Stool Examination

Rectal Biopsy – S. mansoni

Sedimentation techniques

Faust-Meleney’s Egg Hatching Technique (Miracidial hatching test)

Circumoval Precipitin Test (COPT)

Cercarial Hullen Reaction

238
Q

Specific lab dx for S. mansoni

A

Rectal Biopsy

239
Q

aka Miracidial hatching test

A

Faust-Meleney’s Egg Hatching Technique

240
Q

procedure that uses a freshly collected stool or urine then dissolved in non-chlorinated water (presence of chlorine can destroy Schistosoma larva) placed in Erlenmeyer flask, covered, and stand overnight against light

Observed: Miracidia swimming at the upper layer of water (ova presence)

A

Faust-Meleney’s Egg Hatching Technique (Miracidial hatching test)

241
Q

Definitive test for Schistosomiasis in PH

A

Circumoval Precipitin Test (COPT)

242
Q

Circumoval Precipitin Test (COPT)

Spx: ?
Rgt: ?
(+): ?

A

Specimen: Serum
Reagent: Lyophilized eggs from rabbit
(+): Bleb formation microscopically

243
Q

procedure that gives a positive rxn of cercaria shrinking after using a lyophilized cercaria in serum spx

A

Cercarial Hullen Reaction

244
Q

Cercarial Hullen Reaction
Spx: ?
Rgt: ?
(+): ?

A

Specimen: Serum
Reagent: Lyophilized cercaria
(+): Shrinking of cercaria

245
Q

aka Vesicular Blood Fluke

A

Schistosoma haematobium

246
Q

parasite common in Nile River Valley

A

Schistosoma haematobium

247
Q

Final host of Schistosoma haematobium

248
Q

IH of Schistosoma haematobium

A

SNAILS:
Bulinus spp.
Physopsis spp.
Biomphalaria spp.

249
Q

Habitat of Schistosoma haematobium

A

BV: Vesical, prostatic, uterine venous plexuses of the urinary bladder

250
Q

Infective stage of Schistosoma haematobium

251
Q

Disease/condition caused by Schistosoma haematobium

A

Urinary Bilharziasis (Egyptian hematuria)

252
Q

condition characterized by hematuria and shows a “sandy patches” in the lower urinary tract caused by S. haematobium

A

Urinary Bilharziasis (Egyptian hematuria)

253
Q

Lab dx for Schistosoma haematobium

A

Urine Examination using a 24-hour UNPRESERVED urine

254
Q

optimized recovery time of S. haematobium in urine

A

between NOON and 2 PM

255
Q

Preferred spx for S. haematobium recovery

A

24-hour unpreserved urine (appearance of Schistosoma ova in urine is intermittent)
*preservation may destroy the ova

256
Q

Describe Schistosoma haematobium ADULT worm

A

With fine tuberculation

257
Q

Describe Schistosoma haematobium EGG

A

Large, prominent terminal spine

258
Q

adult schistosome with fine tuberculation

A

Schistosoma haematobium

259
Q

LARGE schistosome egg with prominent terminal spine

A

Schistosoma haematobium

MTAP 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions