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Parasitology > Trematoda > Flashcards

Trematoda Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common name for Alaria spp.?

A

Intestinal flukes

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2
Q

What are the hosts for Alaria spp.?

A

Final hosts: dog, cat, fox, mink

Intermediate host: snails and tadpoles

Paratenic host: frogs, snakes, mice, rats, birds, reptiles, boars, humans. Zoonotic

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3
Q

What are the characteristic features of Alaria spp.?

A

Adults: pink or brown, 10mm

Eggs: oval, honey color, distinct operculum, up to 130 micrometers, larger than other helminths

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4
Q

What can you identify in this image?

A

Adult alaria spp.

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5
Q

What species of trematode eggs is this? What is the arrow pointing to?

A

Alaria spp. Arrow is pointint at operculum

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6
Q

Explain the life cycle of Alaria spp.

A

Final host passes eggs in feces, which hatch in water -> miracidia emerge, penetrate the snail (1st ih) and emerge as cercaria -> Cercariae encyst in frogs (2nd ih) as mesocercariae -> a paratenic host becomes infected after ingesting an infected frog with mesocercariae -> when dog or cat ingests the 2nd ih or paratenic host, mesocercariae is liberated, penetrates gut wall, migrates to lungs and develops to juvenile fluke -> juvenile fluke migrates up the trachea, swallowed, and matures in small intestine. PPP is 5 weeks

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7
Q

Where are the sites of infection for Alaria spp.?

A

Adults in small intestine and immature stages in lungs

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8
Q

What are the pathogenesis and lesions for Alaria spp.?

A

Heavy infection causes severe duodenitis. Lung migration causes clinical illness.

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs for Alaria spp.?

A

Usually not in final host

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10
Q

How is Alaria spp. diagnosed?

A

Fecal sedimentation for detection of eggs from final host

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11
Q

What are the treatment and prevention for Alaria spp.?

A

Though a trematode, cestocides work

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12
Q

What is the common name for Nanophyetus Salmincola?

A

Salmon poisoning fluke

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13
Q

What are the hosts of Nanophyetus Salmincola?

A

Final hosts: dogs, cats, minks, raccoons, fish-eating mammals. Intermediate hosts: snails and fish. Zoonotic

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14
Q

What are the characteristic features of Nanophyetus Salmincola?

A

Adults: ovoid and creamy white, up to 2 mm

Egg: oval, yellowish brown, thick shell, 80 micrometers

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15
Q

What species of trematode is shown in this image? What else can you depict from this image?

A

Adult Nanophyetus Salmincola. Oral and ventral suckers present

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16
Q

What is the species name of this egg and what is a unique feature about it?

A

Nanophyetus Salmincola egg. The operculum is very noticeable

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17
Q

Explain the life cycle of the Nanophyetus Salmincola

A

Final host passes eggs in feces that hatch in streams -> Miracidia emerg and penetrate the snail -> cercariae emerge from snal to penetrate the fish to form metacercariae in tissues -> When dog or cat ingests the intermediate host the juvenile fluke encysts and matures in small intestine. PPP 1 week

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18
Q

Where are the sites of infection for Nanophyetus Salmincola?

A

Adults in small intestine

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19
Q

What are the pathogenesis and lesions for Nanophyetus Salmincola?

A

Extremely pathogenic. Flukes are vectors for salmon poisoning in dog causing severe hemorrhagic enteritis

20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Nanophyetus Salmincola infection?

A

Large number of flukes cause enteritis. Salmon poisoning causes: sudden fever, vomition, diarrhea, high mortality

21
Q

How is Nanophyetus Salmincola diagnosed?

A

Fecal sedimentation for detection of eggs

22
Q

What are the treatment and prevention for Nanophyetus Salmincola?

A

Appropriate trematocidal anthelmintics. Tetracycline therapy for rickettsia

23
Q

What is the common name for Paragonimus Kellicotti?

A

Lung fluke

24
Q

What are the hosts for Paragonimus Kellicotti?

A

Final hosts: dog, cat, carnivores

Intermediate hosts: snails, crayfish

Ten species infect humans

25
Q

What are the characteristic features of the lung fluke?

A

Adult: ovoid, reddish brown, up to 16 mm

Eggs: oval, yellowish brown, distinct operculum, 110 micrometers

26
Q

What species does this egg belong to?

A

Paragonimus Kellicotti

27
Q

What are you viewing in this image?

A

Paragonimus Kellicotti

28
Q

What is this image showing?

A

Eggs of Paragonimus Kellicotti in a lung biopsy

29
Q

Explain the life cycle of Paragonimus Kellicotti

A

Eggs pass from a pulmonary cyst to a bronchiole and are swept up the trachebronchial tree, swallowed and passed out to feces -> when eggs reach water, miracidia develop and penetrate the snail -> Cercariae emerge from the snail, infect a crayfish and encyst as metacercariae. -> when a dog or cat ingests the crayfish, the juvenile cyst excysts in intestine, penetrates gut wall, migrates through the peritoneal cavity to the lungs to mature in lung parenchyma. PPP 4-10 weeks

30
Q

Where are the sites of infection of Paragonimus Kellicotti?

A

In cysts in the lung parenchyma

31
Q

What are the pathogenesis and lesions for Paragonimus Kellicotti?

A

Developing flukes cause formation of cyst

32
Q

What are the clinical signs of Paragonimus Kellicotti?

A

Intermittent cough can occur. Heavy infections lead to severe cough, pneumonia, death

33
Q

How is Paragonimus Kellicotti diagnosed?

A

Radiographs reveal cysts. Sedimentation method for eggs

34
Q

What is the treatment and prevention for Paragonimus Kellicotti?

A

Praziquantel effective. Access to hosts is difficult to prevent

35
Q

What is the common name for Platynosomum Fastosum?

A

Lizard poisoning

36
Q

What are the hosts for Platynosomum Fastosum?

A

Final host is cat. Two intermediate host: snail and crustacean. Third host is obligate paratenic host: lizard, toad, geckos, skinks

37
Q

What are the characteristic features of Platynosomum Fastosum?

A

Egg: oval, brownish, medium thick shell, operculate, up to 50 micrometers. Adult: 8 mm in length

38
Q

What species does this parasitic egg belong to?

A

Platynosomum Fastosum

39
Q

Explain the life cycle of Platynosomum Fastosum

A

Eggs pass in feces into water -> snails ingest eggs, develop to miracidia and then cercariae -> Cercariae emerge from snail which infect crustaceans, or snails ingested by crustaceans. Metacercariae encyst in crustaceans -> lizard, toad, gecko ingest crustacean with metacercariae -> cat becomes infected when it ingests these hosts. Develop to juvenile flukes, migrate to bile ducts to develop to adults. PPP 3 months

40
Q

Where are the sites of infection for Platynosomum Fastosum?

A

Bile ducts

41
Q

What is the pathogenesis or lesions for Platynosomum Fastosum?

A

Hyperplastic bile ducts

42
Q

What are the clinical signs for Platynosomum Fastosum infection?

A

“lizard poisoning”, palpable liver, icterus, death

43
Q

What parasite causes this?

A

Platynosomum Fastosum

44
Q

How is Platynosomum Fastosum diagnosed?

A

Eggs on fecal sedimenation

45
Q

How is Platynosomum Fastosum treated or prevented?

A

Praziquantel can be used, surgery is considered

Parasitology (11 decks)

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