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Parasitology > Superfamily Filarioidea > Flashcards

Superfamily Filarioidea Flashcards

1
Q

Give 4 characteristics of Superfamily Filarioidea

A
  1. Indirect life cycle
  2. None inhabit the alimentary tract
  3. All depend on insect vectors (ih)
  4. Usually lay larvae (mff) which develop to L3
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2
Q

What is the common name for Dirofilaria Immitis?

A

Heartworm

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3
Q

Who are the hosts for Dirofilaria Immitis?

A

Dogs and Cats

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4
Q

Is heartworm disease zoonotic?

A

Yes!

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5
Q

Who are the intermediate host for Dirofilaria immitis?

A

Mosquitoes

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6
Q

What are the characteristic features of Dirofilaria Immitis?

A

Adults are long and slender, 20-30 cm. Size and site specific. Characteristic microfilariae (mff) L1 around 300 micrometers long

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7
Q

What can you see in this image?

A

Dirofilaria Immitis mff in blood spear

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8
Q

What can you diagnose about this image?

A

Dirofilaria Immitis infestation known as heartworm disease

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9
Q

Describe the life cycle of Dirofilaria Immitis.

A

Adult females release mff L1 into bloodstream -> mosquito ingests mff with blood meal -> mff L1 develop into infective stage L3 in mosquito -> Mosquito bites dog or cat and transmits infective L3 -> within a few days L3 molt to L4 -> L4 migrate through SQ tissue of abdomen and thorax for 2-3 months before molting into L5 -> L5 enter a vein and are carried to pulmonary arteries to develop into sexually mature adults -> in 2-3 months adult females release mff in blood. PPP 6-9 months

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10
Q

Where are the sites of infection for Dirofilaria Immitis?

A

Adults in distal parts of pulmonary arteries. When large numbers are present, right heart and caudal vena cava

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11
Q

What are the pathogenesis and lesions of Dirofilaria Immitis?

A

Endothelium is destroyed, fluid leakage (thrombus formation), tortuous arteries, increased resistance, post-caval syndrome, Wolbachia spp. (bacteria) are harbored by D. Immitis (administer Doxycycline)

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12
Q

What are the clinical signs for D. Immitis?

A

Severity of clinical disease is determined by pulmonary blood flow not by the number of nematodes present.

Signalment - large outdoor males (moving around a lot)

History - asymptomatic, cough, exercise intolerance

Physical examination - abnormalities vary

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13
Q

How is D. Immitis diagnosed?

A

Remember, long PPP so must know life cycle.

Antigen test: sexually mature females

Mff tests: complements antigen test

Occult infections

Other blood tests

Radiology and Echocardiography

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14
Q

How can you prevent D. Immitis infection?

A

DEC (Diethylcarbamazine), Macrocyclic Lactones (ivermectin, selamectin) - effective against L3 and L4. DEC is given orally daily. MCLs may have additional prevention against external and internal parasites.

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15
Q

How is D. Immitis treated?

A

Improve clinical condition of animal, remove ALL life stages of heartworms. Begin animal on prophylaxis, Doxycycline, kill mff, manage clinical signs, adulticide therapy, and cage rest. Finally, mosquito control

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16
Q

What can you explain about feline heartworm?

A

Preventable in cats but they don’t live well with heartworm disease. More rare for cats to get heartworm disease but it’s more fatal to them than dogs. Immune response is different in the cats than the response in dogs.

17
Q

Who are the hosts for Acanthocheilonema Reconditum?

A

Dogs

18
Q

What are the characteristic features of Acanthocheilonema Reconditum?

A

Mff distinguished from D. immitis mff by progressive motion.

19
Q

How is Ancathocheilonema transmitted?

A

Fleas, ticks, and lice

20
Q

Where are the sites of infection for Acanthocheilonema Reconditum?

A

Adults in subcutis and mff in blood and lymph

21
Q

What is this image showing? What is the arrow pointing at?

A

Mff of Acanthocheilonema reconditum. Arrow is pointing at anterior end which is more blunt than D. Immitis

Parasitology (11 decks)

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