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Parasitology > Superfamily Trichinelloidea > Flashcards

Superfamily Trichinelloidea Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the super family of Trichuris spp.?

A

Trichinelloidea

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2
Q

What is the common name of Trichuris spp.?

A

Whipworm

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3
Q

What is a common morphological feature with the members in this super family?

A

“Stichosome” esophagus - composed of capillary-like tube surrounded by a single column of cells.

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4
Q

Name the 3 species of interest in this super family and their sites of infection.

A
  1. Trichuris - cecum and colon (mammals)
  2. Capillaria - alimentary, respiratory, hepatic or urinary tracts (mammals and birds)
  3. Trichinella - small intestine
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5
Q

What are the hosts for Trichuris spp.?

A

Dogs and Cats

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6
Q

What are the characteristic features of adult Trichuris spp.?

A

Adults are 4-6 cm long with a thick posterior end and a long filamentous anterior end, hence resembling a whip.

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7
Q

What are the characteristic features of the Trichuris spp. eggs?

A

Eggs are lemon shaped, yellow or brown in color, containing bipolar plugs. 80 x 35 micrometers

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8
Q

Name the parasitic species in this image.

A

Trichuris Vulpis

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9
Q

What is this image showing?

A

Trichuris Vulpis eggs

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10
Q

Can you identify the multiple parasitic species in this image?

A

Trichuris Vulpis and Spirocerca Lupi

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11
Q

Explain the life cycle of Trichuris Vulpis.

A

Infective stage is L1 in egg -> after ingestion of infective stage, plugs are digested and the released L1 penetrate the glands of the cecal mucosa -> develop to adults which then emerge to lie on mucosal surface with anterior ends embedded -> adults copulate, female lay eggs and pass into feces. PPP is 6-12 weeks.

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12
Q

Where is the site of infection for Trichuris Vulpis?

A

Large intestine, particularly cecum

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13
Q

What are the pathogenesis and lesions of Trichuris Vulpis?

A

Large numbers cause diphtheritic inflammation of cecal mucosa

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of Trichuris Vulpis

A

Heavy infections cause watery bloody diarrhea

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15
Q

How is Trichuris Vulpis diagnosed?

A

Eggs in feces

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16
Q

What is the treatment and preventative for Trichuris Vulpis?

A

Use anthelmintics. Remember, eggs can survive for 3-4 years in environment

17
Q

What Super family does Capillaria spp. belongs to?

A

Trichinelloidea

18
Q

What is the common name for Capillaria spp.?

A

Lungworm

19
Q

What are the hosts for Capillaria spp.?

A

Dogs and Cats

20
Q

Is Capillaria spp. zoonotic?

A

Yes, but it is rare for humans to get

21
Q

What are the characteristic features of adult Capillaria spp.?

A

Adults are thin hair-like nematodes not visible to naked eye. 1-5 cm long

22
Q

What are the similarities and differences between Trichuris eggs and Capillaria eggs?

A

Similarity: both have bipolar plugs

Differences: Capillaria eggs are lighter in color and more barelled shaped than Trichuris. 60 x 35 micrometers

23
Q

Can you distinguish the different parasitic species in this image?

A

Top egg is Capillaria spp. and bottom egg is Trichuris spp.

24
Q

What life cycle does Capillaria spp. have, direct or indirect?

A

Both! Depends on species. Infective stage is L1 in egg

25
Q

Describe the direct life cycle in Capillaria spp.

A

Adult worms in lungs produce eggs -> eggs coughed up are swallowed -> eggs in intestine are then passed in feces -> eggs embryonate in the feces -> embryonated eggs ingested by dog or cat. PPP 6 weeks

26
Q

Describe the indirect life cycle of Capillaria spp.

A

Adult worms in urinary bladder -> unembryonated eggs passed in urine -> eggs embryonate in environment -> Embryonated eggs ingested by final host (dog) or by intermediate host (earthworm) -> earthworm ingested by dog. PPP is 2 months.

27
Q

Where are the sites of infection for Capillaria spp.?

A

Direct - in airways of dogs and cats. PPP 6 weeks

Direct - in intestinal tract of cats

Indirect/Direct - in bladder of dogs, rarely cats. PPP 2 months

28
Q

What are the pathogenesis and lesions of Capillari spp.?

A

Relatively non-pathenogenic

29
Q

What are the clinical signs of Capillaria spp.?

A

Asymptomatic

30
Q

How is Capillaria spp. diagnosed?

A

Eggs will be noted in the feces, urine, or bronchial swab

31
Q

What are the treatment and prevention for Capillaria spp.?

A

Several anthelmintics reported to be effective. Control of intermediate hosts is not practical

Parasitology (11 decks)

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