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Parasitology > Hookworms > Flashcards

Hookworms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Super Family name for hookworms?

A

Ancylostomatoidea

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2
Q

What is the commone name for Ancylostoma Caninum?

A

Hookworm

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3
Q

What are the hosts of Ancylostoma Caninum?

A

Dogs and foxes. Paratenic hosts play a role.

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4
Q

Is Ancylostoma Caninum zoonotic?

A

Yes, occasionally uses human as final host however infections don’t reach full maturity.

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5
Q

What are the characteristic features of adult Ancylostoma Caninum?

A

Adults are smaller than ascarids, 1-2 cm. Have a characteristic hook appearance. Buccal capsule with 3 pairs of marginal teeth.

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6
Q

What are the characteristic features of the eggs of Ancylostoma Caninum?

A

Thin-shelled oval egg, 60-40 micrometers.

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7
Q

What parasitic species is this image showing?

A

Ancylostoma Caninum - buccal teeth present

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8
Q

What is this image showing?

A

Adult hookworm attached to the intestinal villi by buccal cavity.

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9
Q

How can you distinguish that these are hookworms?

A

The heads of both males and females are bent dorsally, giving them a “fishing hook” appearance

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10
Q

Is the life cycle of Ancylostoma Caninum direct or indirect?

A

Direct

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11
Q

What is the infective stage of Ancylostoma Caninum?

A

L3 outside of the egg

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12
Q

List the life cycle modes of infection of Ancylostoma Caninum?

A
  1. Percutaneous
  2. Per Os
  3. Paratenic hosts (rodents)
  4. Tranplacental
  5. Transmammary
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13
Q

What is the average PPP for Ancylostoma Caninum?

A

Approximately 14-21 days depending on mode of infection

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14
Q

Where is the site of infection for Ancylostoma Caninum?

A

Small intestine

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15
Q

What are the pathogenesis and lesions of Ancylostoma Caninum?

A
  1. Acute or chronic hemorrhagic anemia
  2. Pups infected by transmammary route challenged (low iron reserve)
  3. Moist eczema with percutaneous infection
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16
Q

What is this image showing below?

A

Small intestine hemorrhage caused by Ancylostoma Caninum infection

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17
Q

What are the clinical signs of Ancylostoma Caninum?

A
  1. Acute infections cause anemia and lassitude
  2. Severe anemia with diarrhea (blood and mucus)
  3. Chronic infections cause weight loss, poor hair coat, and loss of appetite
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18
Q

How is Ancylostoma Caninum diagnosed?

A
  1. Depends on clinical signs, history with hematological and fecal examinations
  2. Few hookworm eggs confirms infection only, not hookworm disease
  3. Eggs on fecal float
19
Q

What are the treatments and preventatives for Ancylostoma Caninum?

A
  1. Remedies available for adults and larvae
  2. If disease is severe in young pups, iron may be required or blood transfusion.
  3. Treat weaned pups and adults every 3 months.
  4. Pregnant bitches should be dosed once during pregnancy and nursing litters twice at 1-2 weeks and again 2 weeks later
20
Q

How can perinatal transfer of both Ancylostoma and Toxocara larvae be reduced?

A

Oral administration of fenbendazole, ivermectin, and selamectin

21
Q

What are the hosts for Ancylostoma Tubaeforme?

A

Final host - Cats. Paratenic host - rodents.

22
Q

Are the adult nematodes and eggs have similar characteristics in Ancylostoma Tubaeforme and Ancylostoma Caninum?

A

Yes, just infect different host species

23
Q

What are the infective modes of transmission for Ancylostoma Tubaeforme?

A

Per Os, Percutaneous, Paratenic host. Transmammary and Transplacental does not exist in A. Tubaeforme.

24
Q

What parasitic species do these eggs belong to?

A

Ancylostoma Tubaeforme - larvated and undeveloped egg

25
Q

What is the common name for Ancylostoma Braziliense?

A

Hookworm

26
Q

What are the hosts for Ancylostoma Braziliense?

A

Dogs and Cats final hosts. Paratenic hosts such as rodents play a role.

27
Q

Is Ancylostoma Braziliense zoonotic?

A

Yes! Causes most severe cutaneous larval migrans in humans.

28
Q

What are the life cycle for Ancylostoma Braziliense?

A

Per Os, Percutaneous, Paratenic host. Just like A. Tubaeforme, transmammary and transplacental aren’t a mode of infection.

29
Q

What is the site of infection for A. Braziliense?

A

Small intestine

30
Q

What are the pathogenesis and lesions of A. Barziliense?

A

They are less voracious blood suckers than A. Caninum hence less pathogenic.

31
Q

What the hell caused this?

A

Cutaneous larval migrans

32
Q

What are the clinical signs of A. Braziliense?

A

Mild digestive upset and occasional diarrhea

33
Q

Does the larva that cause cutaneous larval migrans continue to develop into its adult stage in humans?

A

No, but skin lesions still persist

34
Q

What are the hosts of Uncinaria Stenocephala?

A

Dogs, Cats, foxes are final hosts. Paratenic hosts play a role.

35
Q

List the characteristic features of adult Uncinaria Stenocephala.

A

Small nematode, 1 cm, with 2 cutting plates on buccal capsule.

36
Q

*Ignore the picture containing numerous adult nematodes* Which of these pictures is A. Caninum and which one is Uncinaria Stenocephala? How can you tell?

A

A. Caninum on the left and Uncinaria Stenocephala on the right because A. Caninum has 3 pairs of cutting teeth whereas U. Stenocephala has 2 cutting plates.

37
Q

What are the modes of infection for the life cycle of Uncinaria Stenocephala?

A

Same as A. Caninum: Percutaneous (rare), Per Os (most common), Paratenic host, Transplacental, Transmammary.

38
Q

What is the PPP for Uncinaria Stenocephala?

A

15-21 days

39
Q

Where is the site of infection for U. Stenocephala?

A

Adults in small intestine

40
Q

Is Uncinaria Stenocephala more or less voracious bloodsucker than A. Caninum?

A

Less voracious blood sucker

41
Q

List the clinical signs of U. Stenocephala.

A

Anemia, Diarrhea, and interdigital dermatitis

42
Q

How is Uncinaria Stenocephala diagnosed?

A

Eggs in fecal flotation, larval culture may be required when A. Caninum is endemic.

43
Q

What are the treatment and preventative for U. Stenocephala?

A

Anthelmintic treatment and good hygiene.

44
Q

What parasitic species does the egg circled belong to? What species does the smaller egg belong to?

A

Uncinaria Stenocephala - larger egg

Ancylostoma Caninum - smaller egg

Parasitology (11 decks)

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