treatments for cbt Flashcards
3 main drug treatments
antidepressants act on serotonin levels eg fluoxetine do this by blocking reuptake from synapses back into releasing neuron so more serotonin for longer period
anti-anxiety drugs benzodiazepines such as valium and it increases effectiveness of GABA in regulating anxiety which lowers physiological arousal
beta blockers eg propranolol block stress hormones wich are released into blood stream by adrenal glands stress hormones create symptoms of anxiety as they feel less stress and fewer obsessive thoughts
strengths of drug
useful to treat cases of OCD znd empirical evidence soomro et al found antidepressants more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms
POTS
lessen need for neurosurgery
koran et al antidep did ave long term effects and prevented relapse in 80 week trial
weakness of drug
cause side effects eg nausea and headaches limit usefulness of drugs and med may increase patient anxiety
needs to last for 12 months before med can be reduced or discontinued and likely to relapse if stopped
ravizza et al SSRI’s weren’t effective for 40%, brody et al differences in metabolismin right and left orbitofrontal cortex predicts if person will respond well
what are the two components to cbt
cognitive which focuses in changing thought processes and behavioural component which focuses on changing actions/behaviours
what is the cognitive component
cog therapy assumes the way to cure a disorder is by changing thought process- encouraged to change thoughts. intrusive thoughts cause beliefs that activate neg emotions of anxiety. the aim isn’t to remove intrusive thoughts but to change beliefs that they trigger
test beliefs that the thoughts activate- prevent cognitive distortion of catastrophising- habituation training franklin et al 2000 keep thinking about obsessive thoughts
what is the behavioural component
exposure and response therapy- deliberately expose to anxiety provoking situations
1)informing client about exposure and response prevention
2) exposure hierarchy
3) repeated exposure to situations that cause high anxiety
4) getting client to resist
franklin et al 55%-75% show improvement and lasts for 5/6 years
strengths of cbt treatment for ocd
endorsed by nice,2006 effective for reducing symptoms
cbt doesnt have any side effects, lower relapse rates when discontinued, ethical form of treatment as empowered as taught techniques they can use
weaknesses of cbt treatment for ocd
POTS 2004 found althought cbt more effective for ocd than placebo- when combined with sertraline so cbt is limited as it should be in combo
difficult to disentangle benefits of cbt due to 2 diff components
MASELLIS ET AL 44% obsessions and 75% comorbid depression refocus on treating obsessions not just compulsions
70% people respond well to cbt- ineffective to some ( individual diff) overbeek et al third of ppts w ocd had depression- less improvement with ERP
