carlsson

Question 1

how many PEECE paragraphs do u need for a 20 marker

Answer 1

5/6 and conc and intro

Question 2

aim

Answer 2

provide evidnce for and agaisnt dopamine hypothesis
look beyond dh and interaction of neurotransmitters eg glutamate,serotonin and GABA
look at specific brain areas with reagrd to NT interactions
use info on psychosis and NT functioning to produce new drugs that are more effective

Question 3

procedure

Answer 3

literature review, methods and findings on NT interactions analysed inc rodent studies, people with acute schizophrenia and ppl in remission

Question 4

key points from lit review

Answer 4

• PET scans provide evidence high levels dopamine related psychosis Abi-Dargham - however dopamine levels may result from some other interaction with NT also dop and sero is easiest to study
• hypoglutamatergia lodge et al shows PCP induce psychosis by inhibiting glutamate as it’s a powerful antagonist
• low glutamate in cerebal cortex- neg symp, low glutamate in basil ganglia- pos symp
• reduced levels of glutamate incresed dop
• thalamic filter- filters off NT through stratium to stop cerebal cortex indirect pathway hyperdopamingergia or hypoglutamatergia links to + symp and direct pathway abnormal glutamate and dopamine excite thalamus starving cerebal cortex of stimulation -ve symp
• serotonin related to dopamine NDMA antagonist limit glutamate seems stimulate serotonin levels

Question 5

conclusions

Answer 5

dif subpopulations where schiz is caused by different abnormal levels not just dopamine
glutamate deficiency can be a cause and explain dopamine responsiveness
increased serotonin and dop may contribute to pos and neg
focus on other eg acetylcholine,GABA and neuropeptides

Question 6

strength evidence

Answer 6

supported by sendt et al which suggests glutamate is important his article is called glutamate future for today
and looks at a wide range of studies eg rodents and people with schizophrenia in acute and remission so valid findings
scientific methods eg PET scans Abig-Dargham to measure dopamine transmission
suggests treatment eg glutamate agonists and serotnin are effective and reducing

Question 7

weaknesses

Answer 7

animals arent generalisable and dont investigate role of culture which luhrmann found there are difference type of auditory hallucinations
invalid scanning stress
limited other NT eg nitric oxide linked to psychosis crippa et al and NT imbalance may be caused by autoimmune issues severance
reductionist outdated and review article

Question 8

sensky aim

Answer 8

compare cbt with non-specific befriending intervention for patients with schizophrenia in effectively reducing positive symp of schizophrenia

Question 9

senksy procedure

Answer 9

90 patients- split into 2 groups by 2 exp nurses and one was cbt another befriending

Question 10

senksy results

Answer 10

, both reduced pos and neg but cbt more effective longterm after 9 months