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MBChB OSCE > Treatments > Flashcards

Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of AF?

A
  • Rhythm control - Amiodarone
  • Rate control - Digoxin, Beta blockers, Calcium channel blockers
  • Anticoagulation - Warfarin
  • Procedures - Electrical cardioversion
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2
Q

Treatment for heart failure?

A
  • ACE inhbitors (ARBs)
  • Beta blockers
  • Diuretics
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3
Q

Treatment of STEMI?

A
  • Percutaneous coronary intervention
    • Angioplasty and stenting
  • Anticoagulation - heparin
  • Antiplatelets - aspirin, clopidogrel
  • Analgesia - warfarin
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4
Q

Treatment following a STEMI after hospital?

A
  • Statin
  • Aspirin
  • Clopidogrel
  • Beta blocker
  • Ace-inhibitor
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5
Q

COPD treatments?

A
  • Inhaled bronchodilators
    • Short acting - salbutamol
    • Long acting - salmeterol, tiotropium
  • Inhaled corticosteroids
    • Budesonide
  • Oxygen therapy
  • Oral theophyllines
  • Mucolytics
    • Carbocysteine
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6
Q

Pitfalls of spirometry?

A
  • Patient frailty
  • Potential for pain
  • Requires trained technician
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7
Q

Describe diagnosis of obstructive lung disease?

Describe the satratification of COPD?

A
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8
Q

What reversibility result indicates asthma?

A

15% / 400ml reversibility in FEV1

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9
Q

Describe the problems of oximetry?

A
  • Requires adequate perfusion (shock, cardiac failure)
  • Does not measure CO2, so no measurement of ventilation
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10
Q

Hypercalcaemia treatment?

A
  • Parathyroidectomy
  • If not fit for surgery
    • Biphosphonates to preserve bone mass
    • Calcium sensing receptor agonist (Cinacalcet)
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11
Q

Investigations into thyroid disease?

A
  • TSH
  • T4 and T3
  • TSH receptor antibodies
  • TPO - thyroid peroxisomal antibody
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12
Q

Treatment for hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Beta blockers
  • Carbimazole
  • Radioactive iodine
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13
Q

Treatment for DKA?

A
  • Fluid
    • Crystalloid for clearance of ketones
    • 10% dextrose
  • Insulin
  • Potassium
  • Treat the precipitant
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14
Q

Treatment of HHS?

A
  • NaCl fluid
  • Insulin
  • LMWH
  • Foot protection
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15
Q

Complications of diabetes?

A
  • Microvascular
    • Retinopathy of eyes
    • Nephropathy of kidneys
  • Macrovascular
    • Neuropathy / foot disease
    • Cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis)
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16
Q

Treatment for hypoglycaemia?

A
  • Dextrose
  • IM glucagon if it doesn’t improve
17
Q

Whipples triad of hypoglycaemia?

A
  • Symptoms of low glucose
    • Autonomic and neuroglycopaenic
  • Low plasma glucose
  • Improvement in symptoms after glucose
18
Q

DVT treatment?

A
  • Anticoagulation for 6 months
  • Remove risk factors
  • Analgesia
  • Compression stockings
19
Q

IDA Treatment?

A
  • IV iron
  • Oral
    • Ferrous sulphate
    • Ferrous gluconate
20
Q

Treatments for breast cancer?

A
  • Lump removal / Mastectomy
  • Hormone therapy
  • Radiotherapy
  • Chemotherapy
21
Q

Treatment for pulmonary oedema?

A

Diuretic

22
Q

Management of ascites?

A
  • Low salt diet
  • Diureteics (spironolactone, furosemide)
  • Paracentesis
  • TIPSS
  • Liver transplant
23
Q

Upper GI bleed treatment?

A
  • Endoscopic clipping
  • PPIs
  • Beta blockers
  • Vasopressin
24
Q

Asthma?

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • Bronchodilators
  • Anti-IgE therapy
  • Anti-leukotriene receptor drugs
25
Q

What drugs can cause pumonary fibrosis?

A
  • Cocaine
  • Amiodarone
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Methotrexate
26
Q

Malignant pleural effusions?

A
  • Drain to dryness
  • Medical/surgical pleurodesis
  • Indwelling pleural catheter
27
Q

SEs of B2 agonist bronchodilators?

A
  • Tremor
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypoglycaemia
28
Q

Drugs which can cause a spontaneous hypoglycaemia?

A
  • Insulin
  • Lithium
  • Heparin
29
Q

Malignant melanoma?

A
  • Surgical excision
    • 1cm margin if breslow thickness <1mm
    • 2cm if breslow thickness >1mm
  • MEK inhibitors
  • Immunotherapy
30
Q

What rash does coeliac disease cause?

A
  • Dermatitis herpetiformis
    • Tx - topical steroids, oral dapsone, gluten free diet
31
Q

Treatment for RA?

A
  • Analgesia (NSAIDs)
  • Corticostreoids until DMARDs begin to work
  • DMARDS
    • Methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydrochloroquine
32
Q

Acute gout treatment?

A
  • NSAIDs + PPI for gastric protection
  • Colchicine
  • Corticosteroids
33
Q
A

MBChB OSCE (14 decks)

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