Treatments Flashcards
Treatment of AF?
- Rhythm control - Amiodarone
- Rate control - Digoxin, Beta blockers, Calcium channel blockers
- Anticoagulation - Warfarin
- Procedures - Electrical cardioversion
Treatment for heart failure?
- ACE inhbitors (ARBs)
- Beta blockers
- Diuretics
Treatment of STEMI?
- Percutaneous coronary intervention
- Angioplasty and stenting
- Anticoagulation - heparin
- Antiplatelets - aspirin, clopidogrel
- Analgesia - warfarin
Treatment following a STEMI after hospital?
- Statin
- Aspirin
- Clopidogrel
- Beta blocker
- Ace-inhibitor
COPD treatments?
- Inhaled bronchodilators
- Short acting - salbutamol
- Long acting - salmeterol, tiotropium
- Inhaled corticosteroids
- Budesonide
- Oxygen therapy
- Oral theophyllines
- Mucolytics
- Carbocysteine
Pitfalls of spirometry?
- Patient frailty
- Potential for pain
- Requires trained technician
Describe diagnosis of obstructive lung disease?
Describe the satratification of COPD?
What reversibility result indicates asthma?
15% / 400ml reversibility in FEV1
Describe the problems of oximetry?
- Requires adequate perfusion (shock, cardiac failure)
- Does not measure CO2, so no measurement of ventilation
Hypercalcaemia treatment?
- Parathyroidectomy
- If not fit for surgery
- Biphosphonates to preserve bone mass
- Calcium sensing receptor agonist (Cinacalcet)
Investigations into thyroid disease?
- TSH
- T4 and T3
- TSH receptor antibodies
- TPO - thyroid peroxisomal antibody
Treatment for hyperthyroidism?
- Beta blockers
- Carbimazole
- Radioactive iodine
Treatment for DKA?
- Fluid
- Crystalloid for clearance of ketones
- 10% dextrose
- Insulin
- Potassium
- Treat the precipitant
Treatment of HHS?
- NaCl fluid
- Insulin
- LMWH
- Foot protection
Complications of diabetes?
- Microvascular
- Retinopathy of eyes
- Nephropathy of kidneys
- Macrovascular
- Neuropathy / foot disease
- Cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis)
Treatment for hypoglycaemia?
- Dextrose
- IM glucagon if it doesn’t improve
Whipples triad of hypoglycaemia?
- Symptoms of low glucose
- Autonomic and neuroglycopaenic
- Low plasma glucose
- Improvement in symptoms after glucose
DVT treatment?
- Anticoagulation for 6 months
- Remove risk factors
- Analgesia
- Compression stockings
IDA Treatment?
- IV iron
- Oral
- Ferrous sulphate
- Ferrous gluconate
Treatments for breast cancer?
- Lump removal / Mastectomy
- Hormone therapy
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
Treatment for pulmonary oedema?
Diuretic
Management of ascites?
- Low salt diet
- Diureteics (spironolactone, furosemide)
- Paracentesis
- TIPSS
- Liver transplant
Upper GI bleed treatment?
- Endoscopic clipping
- PPIs
- Beta blockers
- Vasopressin
Asthma?
- Corticosteroids
- Bronchodilators
- Anti-IgE therapy
- Anti-leukotriene receptor drugs
What drugs can cause pumonary fibrosis?
- Cocaine
- Amiodarone
- Nitrofurantoin
- Methotrexate
Malignant pleural effusions?
- Drain to dryness
- Medical/surgical pleurodesis
- Indwelling pleural catheter
SEs of B2 agonist bronchodilators?
- Tremor
- Tachycardia
- Hypoglycaemia
Drugs which can cause a spontaneous hypoglycaemia?
- Insulin
- Lithium
- Heparin
Malignant melanoma?
- Surgical excision
- 1cm margin if breslow thickness <1mm
- 2cm if breslow thickness >1mm
- MEK inhibitors
- Immunotherapy
What rash does coeliac disease cause?
- Dermatitis herpetiformis
- Tx - topical steroids, oral dapsone, gluten free diet
Treatment for RA?
- Analgesia (NSAIDs)
- Corticostreoids until DMARDs begin to work
- DMARDS
- Methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydrochloroquine
Acute gout treatment?
- NSAIDs + PPI for gastric protection
- Colchicine
- Corticosteroids
