Treatments Flashcards
1
Q
Treatment of AF?
A
- Rhythm control - Amiodarone
- Rate control - Digoxin, Beta blockers, Calcium channel blockers
- Anticoagulation - Warfarin
- Procedures - Electrical cardioversion
2
Q
Treatment for heart failure?
A
- ACE inhbitors (ARBs)
- Beta blockers
- Diuretics
3
Q
Treatment of STEMI?
A
- Percutaneous coronary intervention
- Angioplasty and stenting
- Anticoagulation - heparin
- Antiplatelets - aspirin, clopidogrel
- Analgesia - warfarin
4
Q
Treatment following a STEMI after hospital?
A
- Statin
- Aspirin
- Clopidogrel
- Beta blocker
- Ace-inhibitor
5
Q
COPD treatments?
A
- Inhaled bronchodilators
- Short acting - salbutamol
- Long acting - salmeterol, tiotropium
- Inhaled corticosteroids
- Budesonide
- Oxygen therapy
- Oral theophyllines
- Mucolytics
- Carbocysteine
6
Q
Pitfalls of spirometry?
A
- Patient frailty
- Potential for pain
- Requires trained technician
7
Q
Describe diagnosis of obstructive lung disease?
Describe the satratification of COPD?
A
8
Q
What reversibility result indicates asthma?
A
15% / 400ml reversibility in FEV1
9
Q
Describe the problems of oximetry?
A
- Requires adequate perfusion (shock, cardiac failure)
- Does not measure CO2, so no measurement of ventilation
10
Q
Hypercalcaemia treatment?
A
- Parathyroidectomy
- If not fit for surgery
- Biphosphonates to preserve bone mass
- Calcium sensing receptor agonist (Cinacalcet)
11
Q
Investigations into thyroid disease?
A
- TSH
- T4 and T3
- TSH receptor antibodies
- TPO - thyroid peroxisomal antibody
12
Q
Treatment for hyperthyroidism?
A
- Beta blockers
- Carbimazole
- Radioactive iodine
13
Q
Treatment for DKA?
A
- Fluid
- Crystalloid for clearance of ketones
- 10% dextrose
- Insulin
- Potassium
- Treat the precipitant
14
Q
Treatment of HHS?
A
- NaCl fluid
- Insulin
- LMWH
- Foot protection
15
Q
Complications of diabetes?
A
- Microvascular
- Retinopathy of eyes
- Nephropathy of kidneys
- Macrovascular
- Neuropathy / foot disease
- Cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis)
16
Q
Treatment for hypoglycaemia?
A
- Dextrose
- IM glucagon if it doesn’t improve
17
Q
Whipples triad of hypoglycaemia?
A
- Symptoms of low glucose
- Autonomic and neuroglycopaenic
- Low plasma glucose
- Improvement in symptoms after glucose
18
Q
DVT treatment?
A
- Anticoagulation for 6 months
- Remove risk factors
- Analgesia
- Compression stockings
19
Q
IDA Treatment?
A
- IV iron
- Oral
- Ferrous sulphate
- Ferrous gluconate
20
Q
Treatments for breast cancer?
A
- Lump removal / Mastectomy
- Hormone therapy
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
21
Q
Treatment for pulmonary oedema?
A
Diuretic
22
Q
Management of ascites?
A
- Low salt diet
- Diureteics (spironolactone, furosemide)
- Paracentesis
- TIPSS
- Liver transplant
23
Q
Upper GI bleed treatment?
A
- Endoscopic clipping
- PPIs
- Beta blockers
- Vasopressin
24
Q
Asthma?
A
- Corticosteroids
- Bronchodilators
- Anti-IgE therapy
- Anti-leukotriene receptor drugs
25
What drugs can cause pumonary fibrosis?
* Cocaine
* Amiodarone
* Nitrofurantoin
* Methotrexate
26
Malignant pleural effusions?
* Drain to dryness
* Medical/surgical pleurodesis
* Indwelling pleural catheter
27
SEs of B2 agonist bronchodilators?
* Tremor
* Tachycardia
* Hypoglycaemia
28
Drugs which can cause a spontaneous hypoglycaemia?
* Insulin
* Lithium
* Heparin
29
Malignant melanoma?
* Surgical excision
* 1cm margin if breslow thickness \<1mm
* 2cm if breslow thickness \>1mm
* MEK inhibitors
* Immunotherapy
30
What rash does coeliac disease cause?
* Dermatitis herpetiformis
* Tx - topical steroids, oral dapsone, gluten free diet
31
Treatment for RA?
* Analgesia (NSAIDs)
* Corticostreoids until DMARDs begin to work
* DMARDS
* Methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydrochloroquine
32
Acute gout treatment?
* NSAIDs + PPI for gastric protection
* Colchicine
* Corticosteroids
33
