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MBChB OSCE > Joint Aspirates > Flashcards

Joint Aspirates Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the colour and clarity of normal fluid?

A
  • Colourless
  • Translucent
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2
Q

Describe the colour and clarity of non-inflammatory fluid?

A
  • Straw-like / yellow
  • Translucent
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3
Q

Describe the colour and clarity of inflammatory joint fluid?

A
  • Yellow
  • Cloudy
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4
Q

Describe the colour and clarity of septic joint fluid?

A
  • Yellow/green
  • Cloudy
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5
Q

Describe the colour and clarity of haemarthrosis joint fluid?

A
  • Red
  • Bloody
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6
Q

Viscosity of normal fluid?

A

Highly viscous

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7
Q

Viscosity of non-inflammatory fluid?

A

Highly viscous

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8
Q

Viscosity of inflammatory fluid?

A

Low viscosity

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9
Q

Viscosity of septic fluid?

A

Low viscosity

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10
Q

Which type of joint fluid with be gram stain positive?

A

Septic

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11
Q

Which type of joint fluid with be crystal positive?

A

Inflammatory

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12
Q

Describe the neutrophil count of the different joint fluids?

Normal, non-inflammatory, inflammatory, septic and haemarthrosis

A
  • Normal
    • <25%
  • Non-inflammatory
    • <25%
  • Inflammatory
    • >50%
  • Septic
    • >75%
  • Haemarthrosis
    • 50-75%
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13
Q

Describe the WBC count of the different joint fluids?

Normal, non-inflammatory, inflammatory, septic, haemarthrosis

A
  • Normal
    • <200 cells/mm3
  • Non-inflammatory
    • 200-2000 cells/mm3
  • Inflammatory
    • 2000-50,000 cells/mm3
  • Septic
    • >50,000 cells/mm3
  • Haemarthrosis
    • 200-2000 mm3
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14
Q

Name some causes of non-inflammatory joint effusion?

A
  • OA
  • Trauma
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15
Q

Name some causes of inflammatory joint effusions?

A
  • RA
  • Reactive arthritis
  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • Gout or pseudogout
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16
Q

Describe the symptoms of RA?

A
  • Symmetrical, warm, red
  • Small joints of the hands and feet
  • Morning stiffness greater than an hour
17
Q

Describe the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis?

A
  • Asymmetrical
  • Red and warm joints
  • Usually small joints of hand - DIP
  • Nail changes - oncholysis, hyperkeratosis
18
Q

Describe the symptoms of acute gout?

A
  • Single joint
  • Hot and swollen
  • MTP joint at the base of big toe
19
Q

Describe the symptoms of pseudogout?

A
  • Single joint (knee)
  • Hot, swollen and tender
20
Q

Name some causes of haemorrhagic joint effusions?

A
  • Trauma
  • Tumours
  • Bleeding disorders

MBChB OSCE (14 decks)

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