Respiratory

Question 1

Type 1 respiratory failure?

Answer 1

Low PaO2 and normal PaCO2

Question 2

Type 2 respiratory failure?

Answer 2

• Low PaO2
• High PaCO2

Question 3

Causes of type 2 respiratory failure?

Answer 3

• Increased airway resistance (COPD, asthma)
• Reduced breathing effort (opiates, extreme obesity)

Question 4

Causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 4

• PE
• Panic attack
• Pneumothorax
• Pain increasing RR

Question 5

Name some obstructive airway disorders?

Answer 5

• COPD
• Asthma
• Emphysema
• Cystic fibrosis

Question 6

Name some restrictive airway disorders?

Answer 6

Fibrotic lung disease

Question 7

What is FEV1?

Answer 7

• Forced expiratory volume in 1s

Question 8

What is FVC?

Answer 8

Volume of air that the patient can forcibly exhale in one breath

Question 9

Describe an obstructive spirometry pattern?

Answer 9

• FEV1 reduced (<80% predicted)
• FVC reduced, but to a lesser extent
• FEV1/FVC ratio (<0.7)

Question 10

Describe reversibility testing?

Answer 10

• Administer salbutamiol
• Repeat spirometry
  
  • Reversibility indicates asthma
  • No reversibility indicates COPD
  • Partial reversibility may indicate mixed airway disease

Question 11

Describe the restrictive spiromatry pattern?

Answer 11

• FEV1 reduced (<80% normal)
• FVC reduced (<80% normal)
• FEV1/FVC ratio (>0.7)

Question 12

Name some causes of restrictive lung disease?

Answer 12

• Obesity/pregnancy
• Lobectomy/pneumonectomy
• Pulmonary fibrosis or oedema