Treatments Flashcards
Grave’s Disease- Best definitive tx?
Radioiodine Therapy
Cat Bite- Pasteurella tx?
Augmentin 5 days
Entamoeba Histolytica- liver abscess tx?
Metronidazole
Pediatric Viral Myocarditis tx
Diuretics + Inotropes
Nocardia tx
Bactrim 6-12 mos
Chagas Tx
Benznidazole
Bacillary Angiomatosis from Bartonella tx
Erythromycin
PCP PNA in HIV
Bactrim + Steroids (add steroids if PaO2 35
Prophy MAC in HIV (CD4
Azithromycin
Prophy PCP in HIV (CD4
Bactrim or Dapsone
Myasthenic Crisis tx
IVIG or Plasmapheresis, not both
Poor appetite in cancer tx?
Megesterol acetate
Pertussis tx
Azithromycin
Giant Cell Arteritis Tx
High-Dose Steroids
ADPCKD: Tx
New onset HTN with bilateral palpable masses
ACEi/ARBs
C. Dif Tx
PO metronidazole
PO vancomycin (for more severe or refractory)
WBC >15K , elevated creatinine
(Can use rectal vanc for Ileus)
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- ) Dantrolene
- ) Bromocriptine
- ) Amantadine
Parkinson’s
Mild: ACh antagonists: Benztropine, Trihexylphenidyl
DA releasers: Amantadine
Severe: Levodopa/carbidopa
COMT inhibitors, MAOi
DA agonistis: Pramipexole, Ropinirole
Restless Leg Syndrome
Pramipexole
Multiple Sclerosis
Glatiramir Acetate, Interferon B
Mild Hyponatremia
Moderate Hyponatremia
Severe Hyponatremia
- Restrict fluids
- Saline + Diuretic
- 3% Saline (hypertonic) + conivaptan/tolvaptan (ADH receptor blockers): for symptomatic SIADH
Chronic SIADH
Demeclocycline
VSD tx
Conservative: Digoxin + Diuretics
Surgical : close the VSD
HACEK Endocarditis
Ceftriaxone
Hib Epiglottitis
Ceftriaxone
Endometritis
Clindamycin/Gentamin
HIV : best initial regimen
- emtricitabine
- tenofovir
- efavirenz
Infant of HIV + mother
Zidovudine for 6 weeks
Hereditary Angioedema
- Ecallantide or FFP : acutely
- Androgens : danazol/ stanazol : chronic
*ALWAYS PROTECT THE AIRWAY FIRST!
CVID
Treat infxns as they come
Chronic use of IVIG infusions
SCID
Bone marrow transplant is curative
*otherwise just treat infxns
What txs lower mortality in chronic angina?
BBs, Aspirin, Nitroglycerin (BAN)
What tx lowers mortality in HLD?
Statins
Unstable Ectopic Pregnancy
IVF, blood products, dopamine–> Surgery when stable
Septic Abortion
D&C + IV antibiotics (Levofloxacin + metronidazole)
Preterm Labor (without chorioamnionitis)
- Betamethasone
- Tocolytics (mag, terbutaline, ccb)
- Amp + azithro as chorio prophy
(swap amp for cefazolin or clinda if PCN allergic)
Gestational HTN
Methyldopa, Nifedipine, Labetalol,
Preeclampsia
Stabilize mom and deliver deliver deliver
Prophy seizure: Mag sulfate
HTN control: Hydralazine
Gestational DM
Insulin (NPH and aspart), Metformin and Glyburide
oral agents are NOT safe in pregnancy
Adenomyosis (globular, boggy uterus)
Hysterectomy
Endometriosis
NSAIDS, OCPs : mild
Danazole, Leuprolide : moderate (suppress LH/FSH)
Surgery: severe
Done childbearing? TAH-BSO
Uveitis
topical steroids
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Acetazolamide
Pilocarpine
Mannitol
Trabeculoplasty
Open Angle Glaucoma
**Prostaglandin Analogues- prosts
**Topical BB
Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors -amides
pilocarpine
Trabeculoplasty
CRVO
Ranibizumab (Lucentis- also used for wet mac degen)
CRAO
100% Oxygen, Ocular massage
Acetazolamide, ant. chamber paracentesis
Panic Disorder
Acute Management: Benzodiaz.
Chronic Tx: SSRIs
Adjustment disorder
Psychotherapy, Not meds.
ADHD
First Line: methylphenidate (Concerta) or dextroamphetamine
Second Line: atomoxetine- Strattera (NE reuptake inhib)
*Strattera has better side-effect profile
Bipolar Depression
Lithium or Lamotrigine
Cyclothymia
Carbemazepine, Lithium, Valproate, psychotherapy
Atypical Depression (Wt gain, inc appetite, more sleep, worse mood in the evenings)
SSRIs or MAOis (SSRIs are safer)
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Phototherapy + Buproprion
Postpartum Psychosis
Antipsychotic, lithium, antidepressants
Acute Dystonic Reaction (hrs to days of antipsych)
-includes oculogyric crisis/torticollis
Benztropine or Diphenhydramine
OCD
SSRI’s : First Line (including fluvoxamine)
Clomipramine : Second Line
Behavioral Therapy: exposure and response prevention
PTSD
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Prazosin for nightmares
GAD
SSRIs, buspirone, and venlafaxine
Alcohol withdrawal Benzos
Chlordiazepoxide, Lorazepam, Oxazepam
Anabolic Steroid Withdrawal
SSRIs (presents with HA/depression/anxiety)
Opiate WIthdrawal
Clonidine
Methadone
Buprenorphine (partial mu agonist)
Narcolepsy
Modafinil
Forced naps
Methylphenidate/dextroamphetamine
Insomnia
Good Sleep Hygiene
Zolpidem, Eszopiclone, Zaleplon
Tinea Versicolor
Selenium Sulfide Shampoo
Methemoglobinemia
100% oxygen and methylene blue*
Tropical Sprue
Folate + Doxycycline
Organophosphate Toxicity
Pralidoxime (acetylcholine esterase activator)
Atropine (works quicker)
Brown Recluse Spider Bite
Debride necrosis
Steroids
Dapsone
Black Widow Spider Bite
Calcium (for repletion)
Antivenin
Head Trauma, to lower ICP
HOB elevated
Intubate–>Hyperventilate
Mannitol
Drain blood/fluid
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (delta wave +short PR)
DEFINITIVE DX WITH EP STUDIES
Acute: Procainamide, amiodarone
Chronic: Ablation (curative) of abnormal conduction tract around AV node
*Don’t use blockers of AV node (dig/ccbs), as these will force conduction through the abnormal WPW pathway
Third Degree AV block or Second Degree type II AV block (EVEN if asymptomatic)
Pacemaker
SVT
Vagal Maneuvers
Adenosine
Symptomatic sinus bradycardia
Atropine
Penile Fracture
Retrograde Urethrogram followed by surgery
Scaphoid Fracture (even with negative initial xray)
Wrist immobilization
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Ursodeoxycholic Acid
N. Meningitis
Ceftriaxone AND rifampin/cipro/ceftriazone to close contacts
H. Ducreyi (Chancroid)
Azithromycin (1 dose)
Lymphogranuloma venereum (tender/suppurative inguinal LAD)
Doxycycline
Syphillis
Primary/secondary: IM Penicillin or Doxy if allergic
Tertiary: IV penicillin or desensitize if allergic for tertiary
Scabies
Permethrin cream for everyone, all over
Really bad- crusted? Ivermectin
Pediculosis (crabs)
Permethrin
Pyelonephritis
Outpatient: Cipro
Inpatient: Ceftriaxone, or amp/gent until cultures are back
Chronic prostatitis
Bactrim for 6-8 weeks
Achalasia
Pneumatic Dilation
Botulinum toxin injection
Nutracker esophagus/ Esophageal Spasm
CCB
Unstable Angina
BB, heparin,
GIIbIIIa receptor BLOCKER
CLOPIDOGREL
ACEinhibitor/ARB
Prinzmetal angina (coronary spasm)
Nitro- acutely
CCB- chronically
DVT
IV/subQ hep bridged to warfarin for 3-6 mos
INR: 2-3
Primary pulmonary hypertension
Prostacyclin Antiendothelin (bosentan) PDE-5 inhibitors CCB Heart/lung transplant
HOCM
BB and disopyramide
WPW syndrome
Pocainamide/quinidine
Vfib
Defib, epi, vasopressin, amio/lidocaine
Wilson’s Disease
Pennicillamine (Cu chelator)
Oral zinc is recommended- prevents Cu absorption
Uncomplicated Cystitis
Trimeth-Sulf (3-days)
Nitrofurantoin (5-days)
Fosfomycin (one dose)
… if resistant .. Fluoroquinoloes
Hx of Rheumatic Fever: prophy
RF w.o carditis: PCN for 5 years or until 21
RF w. carditis but no residual valve problem: PCN for 10 years or until 21
RF with carditis + valve problems: PCN for 10 years or until 40
Uric Acid Kidney Stones
Alkalinize urine with potassium citrate
Limit dietary purines
Neutropenic Fever (ANC
Broad spectrum pseudomonal monotherapy
- ) Zosyn
- ) Meropenem
- ) Cefepime
Asymptomatic Bacteruria in pregnancy
Nitrofurantion x7 days
Meniere’s Disease
Short term tx: Antihistamines, Anticholinergics, Benzos
Long-term: diuretics
Uterine Atony
Uterine Massage
Fluid resuscitation
Oxytocin, methylergonovine, carboprost
Esophageal Varices Ppx
Propranalol, nadolol (Nonselective BB)
Hoarding Disorder
SSRIs, CBT
Ascites
Fluid restriction
Spironolactone
Loops
Frequent taps
Low EF/systolic dysfxn OR valvular incompetence
ACEi/ARBs
ST-segment depression ACS
Give heparin right away!
Everyone with systolic dysfunction (low EF) needs..
ACEi, BB, spironolactone, diuretics, digoxin
Approved BB: metoprolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol
Spironolactone for CHF stage III, IV
Mortality benefit in systolic dysfunction…
BASH’D
BB, ACEi, Spironolactone, Hydralazine, Defibrillator
Chemical Eye Burns
Copious Irrigation (Alkali worse than Acid- don't play chemist)
Chalazion (painless)
Warm compresses first..
Inject steroids
Herpes simplex keratitis
Topical antiviral (idoxiuridine, trifluridine) NO STEROIDS
Kleptomania
Psychotherapy
Flail Chest
Intercostal nerve block
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Fluids, electrolyte replacement (POTASSIUM)
Lactulose
Rifaximin
Disk herniation (+SLR) WITHOUT FND
Return to normal activities
NSAIDs and muscle relaxants
If 4-6weeks no improvement- MRI/CT
Toxic Megacolon
Bowel rest (NPO), NG-tube, IV steroids If no improvement- emergency sx (subtotal colectomy + end-ileostomy)
VIPoma
Octreotide
PNH (CD55, CD59 defic)
Predisone, Eculizumab (blocks C5 in complement pathway)
Guillain Barre Syndrome
IVIG/Plasmapheresis
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Angioplasty + stenting (definitive)
Med manage HTN
Emphysematous cholecystitis
IV fluids, electrolytes
Cholecystectomy
IV abx for gram - and anaerobes (unasyn, zosyn, etc)
Carcinoid Tumor
Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal supp (Octreotide)
Legionella/Legionaire’s Disease
Floroquinolones or newer macrolides
UTI in Pregnancy
Amoxicillin
Lyme Disease
Early: amoxicillin or Doxy
Late: ceftriaxone (carditis or CNS)
Community acquired PNA
Fluoroquinolones = best therapy
Diverticulitis
FQs + metronidazole (except moxiflox can be used alone)
H. Ducreyi
Single dose of azithromycin
Torsades dePointes
Magnesium sulfate
*if 2/2 quinidine use- Na Bicarb
Empiric pyelonephritis tx (cx pending)
Amp-Gent
Staph IE in prosthetic valves
Nafcillin or Vanco + Rifampin
Bronchitis
Supportive tx, abx don’t typically help
Neonatal meningitis
Amp-Gent
Child/adult meningitis
3rd gen ceph/vanc
Chlamydia pneumonia
8 yo: doxycyclin/azithromycin
CMV PNA
Valganciclovir
Sporothrix (thorn bush)
Itraconazole
Aspergillosis
Voriconazole
Neurocysticercosis
Albendazole, praziquantel
Diptheria
Antitoxin plus penicillin OR erythromycin
Impetigo
Non-bullous - Mupirocen
Bullous- Dicloxacillin
Kid
INH for 3 mos and re-test PPD
CAD in a severe asthmatics
CCB : verapamil/diltiazem
Prinzmetal angina
CCB
HTN crisis from MAO
IV Phentolamine
Bipolar in pregnancy
Benzos
Panic disorder with agoraphobia
(Check EKG first, cardiac enzymes, echo, T4, etc)
Benzo- short term
SSRI- chronic (4-6 weeks for efficacy)
Insomnia
Sleep hygiene, Zolpidem, eszopiclone, zaleplon
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Low dose antipsychotic
Alzheimers
Rivastigmine, Donepozil, Memantine
AIHI - warm agglutinin
High dose glucocorticoids
Rituximab
Splenectomy
Epidural Hematoma
Craniotomy
Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Craniotomy (can reverse dementia)
Myocardial Contusion
MONA- BASH (just like MI)
Pelvic trauma
Give Blood and track H&H, it will tamponade off
Fecal incontinent (>3 yo, more than 1 month)
Fiber, biofeedback, dextranomer/hyaluronic acid, CR surgery
ABPA
Oral steroids (inhaled NOT effective), Itraconazole if recurrent
Ventilator-Associated PNA
Two pseudomonal coverage
One MRSA coverage
HIV positive with PCP PNA + G6PD deficiency
Pentamidine
SBP
3rd gen cephalosporin
If 2+ organisms or PMNS >250 - add metronidazole
Hyperkalemia
Stabilize membranes -ca gluconate IV insulin/glucose - quickest Albuterol Kayexalate Diuretics (furosemide, tzd)
Hemodynamically unstable with PE
Thrombolytics
Stable PE -obvious
Heparin- bridge to warfarin
Dupuytrens contracture
TLC!
Triamcinolone
Lidocaine
Collagenase injections
First like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis
MTX (take folate!)
Pityriasis Rosea
Steroids or UV light
Seborrheic dermatitis
Topical antifungals and steroids because this is a HYPERsensitivity to dermal infxn
-like ABPA is a HYPERsensitivity to fungal lung infxn (treated with oral steroids + itraconazole if nec)
Pemphigus vulgaris
Systemic steroids
Azathioprine or mycophenolate to get off steroids
Rituximab
Nonallergic Rhinitis (onset of stuffiness >20yo without sneezing/eye symptoms)
Intranasal antihistamines + Intranasal anticholinergics
Bipolar manic episode (Chronic)
Lithium at LEAST one year after one episode
Toxoplasmosis
Pyramethamine, Sulfadiazine