treatment of poisoning Flashcards
what substance is hepatotoxic at high doses
paracetamol
what is paracetamol primarily metabolised to
sulphate and glucuronide
what does oxidation of paracetamol produce
reactive metabolites
what is important in pathogenesis of paracetamol-induced liver injury
depletion of hepatic glutathione
what is atropine and pralidoxime used to treat
poisoning by nerve agents such as sarin
what is used to treat opiate overdose
naloxone
what is use of vitamin K to treat overdose with warfarin an example of
pharmacological reversal
what is used to treat ethylene glycol poisoning
ethanol
what can be used to improve cardiac output in poisoned patients
glucagon
what is used to treat acidosis in poisoned patients
sodium bicarbonate infusion
what gas is colourless, odourless and non-irritating
CO
what are the early symptoms of CO poisoning
nausea, headache, lethargy and confusion
is murder by poisoning a rare event
yes
what are most deaths from poisoning a cause of
intentional self harm
what gas is heavier than air and what are these types of gases known as
Hydrogen sulphide, ‘knock down’ gas
what gas was responsible for deaths at lake nyos in mid 1980s
carbon dioxide
what is used for treatment of methanol and ethlene glycol poisoning
fomepizole
how is fomepizole usually given
IV
what can be treated with dimercaptosuccinic acid DMSA
arsenic, lead and mercury poisoning
what is useful for treatment of cyanide poisoning
Thiosulphate
how will most poisoned patients recover
supportive care
what is a priority management of poisoned patients
maintenance of airways and breathing
what does cyanide target
mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase complex
what can be used to treat cyanide poisoning
sodium nitrite
what convert cyanide to thiocyanate
rhodanase
why must thiosulphate be given by IV
oral bioavailability is poor
what is used to reverse methaemoglobin formation
methylene blue
what has a lower affinity for oxygen, methaemoglobin or haemoglobin
methaemoglobin
who is more at risk to methaemoglobin formation
neonates
what can methaemoglobin be used to treat
cyanide poisoning
what does Ipec syrup indused
emesis
what is the best method to prevent absorption of poisons from the gut
active charcoal
what is used to accelerate removal of drugs form the gut
irrigation
what is used to enhance renal excretion of amphetamines
acid diuresis
