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Toxicology > treatment of poisoning > Flashcards

treatment of poisoning Flashcards

1
Q

what substance is hepatotoxic at high doses

A

paracetamol

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2
Q

what is paracetamol primarily metabolised to

A

sulphate and glucuronide

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3
Q

what does oxidation of paracetamol produce

A

reactive metabolites

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4
Q

what is important in pathogenesis of paracetamol-induced liver injury

A

depletion of hepatic glutathione

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5
Q

what is atropine and pralidoxime used to treat

A

poisoning by nerve agents such as sarin

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6
Q

what is used to treat opiate overdose

A

naloxone

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7
Q

what is use of vitamin K to treat overdose with warfarin an example of

A

pharmacological reversal

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8
Q

what is used to treat ethylene glycol poisoning

A

ethanol

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9
Q

what can be used to improve cardiac output in poisoned patients

A

glucagon

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10
Q

what is used to treat acidosis in poisoned patients

A

sodium bicarbonate infusion

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11
Q

what gas is colourless, odourless and non-irritating

A

CO

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12
Q

what are the early symptoms of CO poisoning

A

nausea, headache, lethargy and confusion

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13
Q

is murder by poisoning a rare event

A

yes

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14
Q

what are most deaths from poisoning a cause of

A

intentional self harm

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15
Q

what gas is heavier than air and what are these types of gases known as

A

Hydrogen sulphide, ‘knock down’ gas

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16
Q

what gas was responsible for deaths at lake nyos in mid 1980s

A

carbon dioxide

17
Q

what is used for treatment of methanol and ethlene glycol poisoning

A

fomepizole

18
Q

how is fomepizole usually given

A

IV

19
Q

what can be treated with dimercaptosuccinic acid DMSA

A

arsenic, lead and mercury poisoning

20
Q

what is useful for treatment of cyanide poisoning

A

Thiosulphate

21
Q

how will most poisoned patients recover

A

supportive care

22
Q

what is a priority management of poisoned patients

A

maintenance of airways and breathing

23
Q

what does cyanide target

A

mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase complex

24
Q

what can be used to treat cyanide poisoning

A

sodium nitrite

25
Q

what convert cyanide to thiocyanate

A

rhodanase

26
Q

why must thiosulphate be given by IV

A

oral bioavailability is poor

27
Q

what is used to reverse methaemoglobin formation

A

methylene blue

28
Q

what has a lower affinity for oxygen, methaemoglobin or haemoglobin

A

methaemoglobin

29
Q

who is more at risk to methaemoglobin formation

A

neonates

30
Q

what can methaemoglobin be used to treat

A

cyanide poisoning

31
Q

what does Ipec syrup indused

A

emesis

32
Q

what is the best method to prevent absorption of poisons from the gut

A

active charcoal

33
Q

what is used to accelerate removal of drugs form the gut

A

irrigation

34
Q

what is used to enhance renal excretion of amphetamines

A

acid diuresis

Toxicology (9 decks)

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