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Toxicology > microbial, plant and animal toxins > Flashcards

microbial, plant and animal toxins Flashcards

1
Q

what does the botulinus toxin target

A

peripheral nerves

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2
Q

what is the structure of active botulin

A

50 kDa light chain covalently linked through a disulphide bond to a 100 kDa heavy chain

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3
Q

what is the structure of type 2 ribosome inactivating proteins

A

two polypeptide chains linked together by a disulphide bridge

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4
Q

what is an example of a type 2 ribosome inactivating protein

A

ricin

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5
Q

where is ricin found

A

in seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis

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6
Q

is ricin cytotoxic

A

yes

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7
Q

which chain of ricin has enzymatic activity

A

A

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8
Q

what does ricin A chain do

A

de-adenylates 28s rRNA

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9
Q

What activity does ricin A chain have

A

DNA lyase activity

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10
Q

what does snake venom alpha inhibit and where

A

binding of acetylcholine to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the skeletal neuromuscular junction

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11
Q

what do many snake venoms contain

A

enzymes that breakdown the connective tissue matrix at the sit of envenomation

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12
Q

what do snake venom beta toxins block

A

neuromuscular transmission via an action on the presynaptic nerve terminal = acetylcholine release

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13
Q

what does the light chain of botulin target and cleave

A

SNARE proteins

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14
Q

what is used to treat venom

A

antivenoms

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15
Q

what is there a risk of after administration of an antivenom

A

sever hypersensitivity reaction

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16
Q

what can anticholinesterase drugs be useful to treat

A

reduction of the effects of snake venom

17
Q

what happens to ricin within target cells

A

it is transferred from the golgi complex to endoplasmic reticulum

18
Q

what happens to the ricin ?A chain

A

transported out of the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol

19
Q

what do amatoxins cause

A

inhibition of RNA polymerase = inhibiton of protein synthesis

20
Q

what are amatoxins target cells

A

hepatocytes

21
Q

what is another name for fungus claviceps purpurea

A

ergot

22
Q

what can ergotism result in

A

gangrene

23
Q

examples of pharmacologically active ergot alkaloids (2)

A

ergometrine

ergotamine

24
Q

what is ergotamine used to treat

A

migraine

25
Q

where is the word botulinism derivered from

A

botulus

26
Q

what spore causes botulinism

A

clostridium botulinum

27
Q

what is infant botulinism caused by

A

children ingesting food contaminated with bacterial spores

28
Q

how are antivenomes normally given

A

by IV, for speed

29
Q

does the transport of ricin out of the ER to the cytsol require both A and B chain

A

no just A

30
Q

how long does death take after amatoxins

A

several days

Toxicology (9 decks)

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