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eppp > Treatment/ Interventions > Flashcards

Treatment/ Interventions Flashcards

1
Q

Counterconditioning

A

reciprocal inhibition (2 responses can not be experienced at the same time, the stronger response will snuff the weaker.
Weaken problematic response and replace with incomparable response.
Systematic desensitization, sensate focus, assertiveness training, aversive counterconditioning

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1
Q

Behaviorists believe

A

beh. controlled by external factors
psychopathology = problematic learned behavior

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2
Q

Systemic desensitization

A

developed by Wolpe, treats phobias. Anxiety hierarchy.
Not as efficacious as flooding for specific phobias

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3
Q

Sensate focus

A

Master and Johnson:
use pleasure as counterconditioning to reduce performance anxiety. Body massages, 4 stages of sexual response (excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution)

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4
Q

Assertiveness training

A

assertive response antagonistic to anxiety.

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5
Q

Aversive counterconditioning

A

eliminating “deviant” behaviors, pair with new and stronger stimulus
in vivo (antabuse/disulfiram) vs. in imagination (covert sensitization)
not effective in long term

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6
Q

Classical extinction

A

in vivo (exposure with response prevention, prolonged>brief) or imagination (Stampfl’s implosive therapy)

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7
Q

primary vs secondary vs generalized conditioned reinforcers

A

primary - inherently reinforcing across cultures
secondary - reinforcing through training
generalized conditioned - reinforcing because of access to other reinforcers (e.g., money)

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8
Q

shaping

A

reinforced for every step

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9
Q

token economies

A

tokens consistently and systematically. Used with schizophrenia patients in wards.

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10
Q

contingency contracting

A

2 people contracting to give desired behaviors. Good for problematic interactions

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11
Q

premack principle

A

reinforcer relativity: using high freq behavior to reinforce low-freq behavior

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12
Q

Differential Reinforcement of other/incompatible/alternative behaviors (DRO/DRI/DRA)

A

extinction for some beh and reinforcement for some beh

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13
Q

self-reinforcement

A

administering reinforcement to self

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14
Q

stimulus control

A

self-control procedure for limiting range of stimulus to elicit particular beh (e.g., only eat at certain time, certain table) and developing incompatible responses

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15
Q

escape learning

A

stop punishment with desired behavior

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16
Q

avoidance learning

A

avoid punishment with desired behavior

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17
Q

overcorrection

A

punishment that involves reparation and physical guidance (e.g., baby makes mess in one room, have to clean that room and another room)

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18
Q

symbolic/filmed modeling

A

similar model on film enjoys progressively intimate interaction with fear/anxiety provoking stimulus

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19
Q

live/in vivo modeling

A

real life demo

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20
Q

participant modeling

A

good for children with phobias. modeling plus interaction with model

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21
Q

Ellis REBT

A

1st DBT approach (ABC-DEF)
Activating event
Belief
Consequence
(Disputing intervention, Effective philosophy, new Feelings)
Direct instruction, persuasion, logical disputation
Active, controntative
Modeling, homework, relaxation, rehearsal

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22
Q

Beck’s CT

A

empirical hypothesis testing for belief validity
socratic questioning
more collaborative than REBT
automatic thoughts
Triad
daily logs, activity scheduling, gradual tasks for mastery, cognition checking

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23
Q

meichenbaum CBM (cog beh modification)

A

self-instructional training (modeling and practice, good for children with ADHD)
stress inoculation training (PTSD)
self-statements, socratic questioning, collaboration

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24
Q

Meinchenbaum self-instructional training

A

Therapist modeling
Therapist verbalization (client performs, therapist talks)
Patient verbalization (client performs and talks)
Patient silently talks through task (client performs and mouths)
independent task approach
Similar to protocol analysis for problem-solving strategy access
Good for kids with ADHD

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25
Q

stress inoculation training

A

Education and cog preparation
coping skills acquisition
Application in imagination/vivo (relapse prevention included)

research validated for PTSD
build up coping to mild stress to decreases susceptibility for big stress

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26
Q

REHM self control model of depression

A

self-reinforce pos behaviors, because depression is result of low self-reinforcement and high self-punishment

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27
Q

Marlatt relapse prevention

A

addiction=overlearned habit
each relapse is a learning opportunity, inevitable
identify triggers and new coping for them

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28
Q

Linehan DBT

A

recite what you know

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29
Q

Freud primary/secondary process

A

primary - dreams, hallucinations, reduce tension
secondary - thinking, speaking, focused on meeting reality demands and delaying gratification

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30
Q

freudian anxiety

A

id too strong for ego, creeping into consciousness, ego defensive mechanisms to keep id away from consciousness

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31
Q

displacement

A

transfer emotions from object to symbolic replacement, can result in phobias

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32
Q

Millon defense mechanisms rely on

A

schizoid - intellectualizing
narcissistic - rationalization
paranoid - projection
borderline - regression
histrionic - dissociation
dependent - introjection
antisocial - acting out

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33
Q

alloplastic

A

trying to change/blame othetd pt ba iir

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34
Q

autoplastic

A

trying to change self

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35
Q

4 stages of psychodamin

A

clarification, confrontation, interpretation, working through

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36
Q

hartmann

A

father of ego psychology

37
Q

Therapy outcomes

A

Eysenck, spontaneous remission
effect size 0.85, treated ppl better than 80% of untreated people
50% better by 8th session
75% by 6 months
same for all types of treatment
maintained regardless of length

38
Q

efficacy research

A

evidence-based practice depends on it
tight experimental control for max internal validity
considered effective even when it helps only 70% of participants
only simple conditions
criticized for not reflecting real-life needs

39
Q

effectiveness research

A

therapy in practice: takes longer, cumbersome, rare
90% of therapy participants doing well, longer treatment = better outcomes
medication + therapy = therapy alone

40
Q

client variables

A

largest contribution to therapeutic outcome
ability to relate, amenable to learning,
anxiety/depression improve most, somatic least
likability and attractiveness = better outcome

41
Q

therapist variables

A

therapist attractiveness, trustworthiness, expertness

42
Q

therapeutic relationship

A

effective - alliance, empathy, cohesion in group, collecting feedback
probably effective - goal consensus, collaboration, positive regard
maybe effective - congruence, repairing ruptures, managing countertransference

43
Q

lowest rates of disorders

A

65+ have lowest rates, mostly dementia
25-44 have highest rates of disturbance

44
Q

child physical abuse

A

mostly by women, 90% of abusers also abused. no psych problems for abusers but substance abuse common

45
Q

child sexual abuse

A

50% by family member
peaks at age 9 and 12, 25% below age 8

46
Q

rape

A

mostly within race, premediated

47
Q

crisis theory

A

homeostatic equilibrium
4 stages (Caplan):
- emotional tension and disorganization, use existing coping
- coping failed and further disorganization
- increased tension, mobilize more resources
- extensive disorganization and breakdown if not resolved

Rapid treatment, ends when crisis resolved and client understands steps leading to development and resolution

48
Q

crisis intervention vs short term therapy

A

crisis intervention goal = restoring to precrisis levels
short-term therapy=attain higher functioning

49
Q

case vs administrative consultation
advocacy consultation

A

about clients vs. admin/program change vs. advocate for social change

50
Q

prevention

A

primary - prevent onset
secondary - early identification and quick intervention
tertiary - reducing neg consequences and residual effects

51
Q

group therapy

A

yalom’s 12 factors
insight, instilling hope, universiality, imparting info, altruism, collective recapitulation of family, developing social skills, behavior imitation, interpersonal learning,GROUP COHESIVENESS, catharsis, existential factors
(not leadership style or confrontation)
3 stages: initial, second (conflict and rebellion), third (closeness, freely talking)
Disagreement between group leaders ok
ideally, heterogenous for conflict, homogenous for ego strength

52
Q

marital therapy

A
  1. behavior analysis of couple
  2. positive reciprocity established
  3. build communication skills
  4. build problem-solving skills
53
Q

Stuart’s social exchange theory

A

behaviors maintained by costs/benefits ratio
“Caring days”

54
Q

behavioral family therapy

A

troubled families = maladaptive behavior reinforced with attention, communication deficit, insufficient rewards

55
Q

cognitive-behavioral family therapy

A

relationship-related cognitions underlie feelings. appraise cognitions, promote positive ones

56
Q

Narrative therapy

A

Symptoms oppress, do not serve functions. Not a systems approach. symptoms come from clients building problem-saturated descriptions for stories, with sense of powerlessness.
Restory as struggle for control with a symptom
Externalize symptom, question to draw out unique outcomes, new questions to strengthen successes and new identity

57
Q

Solution-focused therapy

A

expectations are powerful. small change grows into big change. miracle q, exception q, scaling q

58
Q

Milan group systemic family therapy

A

systems theory, cybernetics, strategic theory
circular questioning
prescribing rituals

59
Q

Haley’s strategic family therapy

A

pathology=malfunctioning hierarchy

60
Q

MRI communication systems therapy

A

impact of communication on family functioning
double-binds - 1. they dont do something they’re punished 2. nonverbal injunction if they don’t do something that conflicts with 1, they’re punished 3. can’t escape field
teaching problematic communication patterns
paradoxical interventions

61
Q

Minuchin structural family therapy

A

family=single, interrelated system, assessed by 1. power hierarchy 2. clarity/firmness of boundaries 3. subsystems

healthy = strong parent coalition on power top, boundaries clear and firm,
rigid boundaries = disengaged/emotionally distant
diffuse boundaries = enmeshed
3 chronic boundary problems: triangulation, detouring, stable coalitions
Reorganize structure to remove dysfunctional elements
therapist “joins” family, adopt its style of interaction, shift position
Chronic boundary issues: triangulation, stable coalition, detouring

62
Q

Object relations family therapy

A

transference and projection among family members
helping be aware of what’s projected and address unwanted elements within each person
Framo - family of origin sessions

63
Q

Lidz’s deviant marital relationships

A

marital skew - not threatened by separation but skewed toward meeting needs of one partner

marital schism - chronic discord, threats of separation

failure to develop mutually rewarding parental coalition, using family sculpting

64
Q

General systems theory

A

systems = interaction of parts, seeks homeostasis

65
Q

Cybernetics

A

feedback loops

66
Q

Big 5 model/5-factor theory of personality

A

Openness to experiences
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neurotism

67
Q

Proschka’s transtheoretical model of change

A

After 6 months of action, maintenance

68
Q

Feminist therapy

A

independence/autonomy, do not bond, therapist as role-model, advocate for sociopolitical change

69
Q

Biofeedback

A

operant conditioning with autonomic nervous system functions to alleviate symptoms. Feedback about status of involuntary functions, taught to regulate, decreased sympathetic arousal.
Used with relaxation training
Commonly thermal, EMG, EEG, GSR
Mixed bag results: EMG and thermal good, EMG a little better

70
Q

Thermal biofeedback

A

measures skin temp, used for migraines and Reynaud’s disease
Goal for client to increase peripheral temp
Often combined with autogenic training (warmth and heaviness)

71
Q

EMG feedback

A

measures muscle tension (forehead, jaw, neck)
used for tension headaches, TMJ, backpain, neuromuscular rehab
Goal to reduce tension or build tension in parallel muscle groups
Paired with progressive or passive muscle relaxation

72
Q

EEG feedback

A

brain activity, used for seizure disorders or hyperactivity

73
Q

GSR feedback

A

aka electrodermal response
measures sweat and skin conductivity
used for GAD, combined with relaxation training
Goal to decrease GSR levels

74
Q

Hypnotherapy

A

Subjective experiential change, altered consciousness, dissociated state
responding to suggestions by experiencing altered mood/memory/perceptions
Used for chronic pain, asthma, conversion symptoms, substance use
Not good for people with paranoia or OCD
Helps memory, but false memories more than real

75
Q

Bern’s transactional analysis

A

anti-deterministic, aware of communciation intent, eliminate deceit
Ego states - parent, adult, child are parts of personality
Transactions - interactions between ego states for two people
Games - orderly series of covert transactions, bad feelings for both
Strokes - recognitions given, pos or neg

Life script - patterns that dictate life
Structural analysis

76
Q

Glasser’s reality therapy

A

Responsibiltiies
clarify values, evaluate current behavior, accept responsibility
Choice theory - we make an inner world that meets our needs
used for juvenile delinquents, dropout rates

77
Q

Perls’ Gestaldt therapy

A

Discover aspects of self blocked from awareness
Introjection - process for taking in info
Projection - project feelings onto others
Retroflection - turn back onto self what they want from others
Deflection - distance self from feelings by asking questions, etc
Confluence - lack of awareness between self and others to avoid conflict
empty chair technique, discourage questions, bring to here-and-now

78
Q

Rogerian therapy

A

faulty learning get people antagonistic/hateful
phenomenal self
clarifying feelings

79
Q

Adlerian therapy

A

social rather than sexual urges
neurosis = maladaptive adaptations of unproductive attitudes/beh
STEP parenting program
Teleological view - beh. determined by future, not past

80
Q

Jungian therapy

A

neurosis=struggle to free self from interference of archetypes
individuation
teological
focus on adult development

81
Q

Sullivan’s three stages

A

interpersonal interactions
prototaxic -0-7 months,
pparataxic - sequention relationsihps,8-11 months
syntaxic - 12-2 years
IPT - 16 sessions, one of four interpersonal problems (role dispute, grief, role transition, interpersonal deficits)

82
Q

Horney

A

neurosis = cultural construct, anxiety from childhood helplessness against indifferent adults
moving compliantly toward others, aggressively toward others, detachedly toward others

83
Q

Fromm

A

Sociocultura/economic
having vs. being mind

84
Q

Hartman

A

father of ego psychology
ego=parallel to id
ego autonomous vs. defensive ego functions
conflict-free sphere efo functions - learning, memory

85
Q

Self psychologists - Kohut

A

development of narcissism
primary/health narcissism in pre-oedipal stage
focus on meeting selfobject needs - mirroring, idealizing, twinship
empathic attunement between therapist/client

86
Q

Mahler

A

6 stages of development
separation and individuation

87
Q

Winnicott

A

good enough mother
transitional objects (e.g., blankie)
pathology=adopting false self

88
Q

Klein

A

splitting as defence mechanism for hostile feelings toward beloved object
Prevents object constancy
play = free association, psychoanalysis with children
no bonding with clients

89
Q

Erickson

A

development=response to social crises
8 stages of ego development
`

90
Q

Anna Freud

A

psychoanalysis with children using words
bond with clients
inferiority complex

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