Developmental

Question 1

Bronfenbrenner systems

Answer 1

micro - everyday interaction settings
meso - interactions between micros
exo - rel between settings, one of which does not include self (e.g., parents’ workplace)
macro - culture, economy, political
chrono - time passing (e.g., new sibling born, war starts)

Question 2

PKU

Answer 2

autosomal recessive
can’t metabolize phenyllalanine, special diet
severe mental deficiency without intervention

Question 3

Health belief model

Answer 3

perceptions/beliefs change health related beh

Question 4

social buffer hypothesis

Answer 4

perception of having support network

Question 5

holophrasic speech

Answer 5

single word/sound to express complete thought
12-18 months

Question 6

telegraphic speech

Answer 6

piutting together 2+ words to express thought
18-24 months

Question 7

nativist view of language development

Answer 7

noam chomsky
innate language acquisition device
children learn language in same order within languages

Question 8

nurturist view

Answer 8

children make random sounds, reinforced by others

Question 9

interactionist view

Answer 9

inborn mechanism influenced by maturation and environment

Question 10

Sapir-whorf hypothesis

Answer 10

diff languages shapes how we think

Question 11

Piaget

Answer 11

idiographic
epigenesis - each stage builds on last one
organization, adaptation, equilibration

Question 12

object permanence

Answer 12

3+ months
separation protest
stranger anxiety

Question 13

Piagetian stages

Answer 13

sensorimotor - 0-2 - object permanence and stranger anxiety
preoperational 3-7 - intuitive thinking, phenomenological thinking, egocentrism, animism, centration, irreversability
concrete operational 7-11 - conservation, operational thought (e.g., seriation)
formal operational 11+ - metacognition, hypothetical thinking
peers important

Question 14

constructivism

Answer 14

piaget
construct knowledge through interactions

Question 15

Vygotsky

Answer 15

social interaction gives learning
zone of proximal development
adults important in devel too
scaffolding, reciprocal teaching

Question 16

personal fable

Answer 16

adolescents think they’re special and rules don’t apply

Question 17

imaginary audience

Answer 17

everyone’s thinking about them
self-consciousness

Question 18

classic aging pattern

Answer 18

decline gf, intact gc, decrease speed and attentional
better with familiar stimuli
retrieval hard

Question 19

Piaget moral development

Answer 19

heteronomous age 5-10: constraint, rules made by adults, any transgression needs punishment

autonomous age 10+: cooperation, flexible standards

Question 20

Kohlberg’s moral reasoning theory

Answer 20

Preconventional - avoid punishment, wanting rewards
Conventional - conforming. Good boy/good girl, law and order
Postconventional - Morality of contract/laws, morality of conscience

Question 21

Gilligan

Answer 21

justice (men) vs. caring (women)
Caring: 3 levels (survival, self-sacrifice, nonviolence)
research doesn’t support

Question 22

Kochanska research

Answer 22

moral devel affected by early temperament and parent styles
pos corr with high inhibition and low impulsivity
linked to mom high in empathy, low in power assertion, mutual high affect

Question 23

Freud stages personality devel

Answer 23

oral 0-1
anal 1-3
phallic 3-5/6
latency 5/6-12
genital 12-18

Question 24

Erikson model

Answer 24

built on Freud’s

0-1 trust vs mistrust hope
1-3 autonomy vs shame will
3-5/6 initiative vs guilt purpose
5/6-12 industry vs inferiority competence
12-18 identity vs role confusion fidelity
18-35 intimacy vs isolation love
36-60 generativity vs stagnation care
60+ integrity vs despair wisdom

Question 25

Mahler

Answer 25

separation and individuation normal infant autism (not research supported) 1 mo symbiosis 2-4 mo differentiation 5-10 mo, stranger anxiety practicing 10-16 mo, separation anxiety rapprochement 16-24 mo, need mom love object constancy 24-36 mo, unify good/bad

Question 26

Levinson seasons of a man's life

Answer 26

alternating periods of transition and stability early adult transition (17-22) entering adult world (22-28) age 30 transition (28-33) settling down (34-40) midlife transition (40-45) age 50 transition late adulthood

Question 27

lorenz

Answer 27

imprinting

Question 28

harlow

Answer 28

mom contact comfort

Question 29

bowlby

Answer 29

protest, despair, detachment

Question 30

Spitz's anaclytic depression

Answer 30

weepy/withdrawn/unhealthy babies, no moms 6-8 months

Question 31

ainsworth

Answer 31

secure, avoidant, ambivalent/resistant

Question 32

main and solomon

Answer 32

disorganized-disoriented fear and confusion toward mother

Question 33

gender identity usually achieved by age

Answer 33

3

Question 34

gender constancy usually achieved by age

Answer 34

5

Question 35

Factor best accounting for teen delinquency

Answer 35

quality of rel with parent

Question 36

Patterson's coercive model of aggression

Answer 36

observe aggressive behaviors from parents, experience poor academics and peer rejection, get depressed and join deviant peer groups

Question 37

2 factors that up likelihood of bullying victimization

Answer 37

beh. that encourage bullying (e.g., crying, submissiveness), peer rejection

Question 38

cooperative learning classes

Answer 38

reduce bias/stereotypes re culture beneficial for low achieving students maybe benefit high achieving?

Question 39

Marcia teen identity statuses

Answer 39

achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion commitment, crisis

Question 39

Montessori

Answer 39

learning from manipulating materials

Question 39

activity theory

Answer 39

aging is fulfilling if you stay active as long as possible

Question 39

Disengagement theory

Answer 39

successful aging is withdrawing

Question 40

slow to warm up infants

Answer 40

15% shy, withdrawn, mild responders. need time with new people/situations

Question 41

first 3 emotions

Answer 41

distress, contentment, interest

Question 42

garmezy protective factors

Answer 42

personality/disposition, family support, external support