Treatment, Intervention, and Prevention Flashcards
A multi-systems approach to working with Black and other minority families that includes meetings outside of the therapy room and involving extended family, school, church, etc.
Nancy Boyd-Franklin
A type of evaluation that assesses the development or progress of a project, program, or product to improve its effectiveness
Formative evaluation
Program evaluation that occurs only at the end of the program
Summative evaluation
An approach that focuses on bipolar dimensions of meaning that determine how a person perceives, interprets, and predicts events.
George Kelly’s Personal Construct Therapy
In group therapy, Yalom describes this as the analogue of the therapist-client relationship in individual therapy.
Cohesiveness
This model of depression proposes that depression can stem from deficits in self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement.
Rehm’s self-control model of depression
A type of therapy based on the idea that exposure to moderately stressful events can build an individual’s coping resources and promote resilience to future stress.
Phases:
1. Conceptualization - understanding the problem and developing a plan
- Skill Acquisition and Rehearsal - developing coping skills for anxiety reduction
- Application and Follow-Through - Applying and practicing skills in real-life situations
Meichenbaum’s Stress Inoculation Training
A couples-based intervention to treat different types of sexual dysfunction. Focuses on exploring and enjoying physical sensations and practicing open communication.
Sensate focus
An approach that emphasizes the unique, holistic nature of each individual, focusing on their striving for superiority and social interest.
Adler’s individual psychology
Adlerian therapy
Pioneering form of CBT that focuses on identifying and changing irrational thoughts and beliefs that lead to emotional and behavioral problems.
A: Activating event
B: Beliefs
C: Consequences
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Albert Ellis
A set of procedures that combines modeling and graduated practice with elements of rational emotive theory, to help with problems with task completion.
- Therapist modeling
- Therapist verbalization
- Patient verbalization
- Patient silently talks through the task
- Independent task performance
Self-instruction therapy
A model based on the view that addiction is an overlearned habit. Instead of viewing recovery as all or nothing, the client is assisted to view setbacks as lapses to be learned from.
Marlatt: Relapse Prevention
A defense mechanism that involves redirecting an emotional reaction from the original source to a less threatening or more available target.
E.g., Someone who is angry at their boss takes out their anger on family members.
Displacement
A defense mechanism that involves engaging in behaviors that are the exact opposite of the id’s real urges.
E.g., A mother with aggressive feelings toward her child becomes a doting and overprotective mother.
Reaction formation
A defense mechanism that involves finding socially acceptable ways of discharging energy from unconscious forbidden desires.
E.g., Redirecting aggressive urges into competitive sports.
Sublimation
The “father” of ego psychology. Believed that people are driven by both their passions and their thinking (id and ego).
Heinz Hartmann
A branch of psychoanalytic theory that emphasizes the development of a cohesive sense of self through the experience of mirroring, idealizing, and twinship needs being met by significant others.
Heinz Kohut’s Self Psychology
A short-term, evidence-based therapy that focuses on improving relationships to alleviate mental health symptoms.
Excessive anxiety is the result of interpersonal insecurity and is the basis for most psychiatric problems.
Based on work by Harry Stack Sullivan.
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
A Neo-Freudian theory suggesting that individuals develop specific “trends” to cope with basic anxiety.
- Moving toward people (seeking approval)
- Moving against people (controlling others)
- Moving away from people (withdrawing)
Karen Horney
Theory of neurotic trends
A Neo-Freudian theory emphasizing fundamental human needs like freedom and belonging, arguing that people develop strategies to cope with anxiety arising from feelings of isolation.
“To Have” vs “To Be”
Erich Fromm
A therapeutic approach based on the idea of a collective unconscious. The therapist guides the client into a productive relationship with the elements of the unconscious.
Widely used with children (e.g., sand trays)
Jungian psychology
Analytic psychology
Jungian therapy
The focus of this therapy is to correct faulty learning by providing clients with an opportunity to expand their awareness of and liking for themselves.
Key characteristics: empathy, warmth, genuineness
Rogers’ Person-Centered Therapy
In Gestalt therapy, __________ is a process whereby people take information in whole, which results in problems with being overly compliant and gullible.
Introjection
In Gestalt therapy, __________ is a process whereby people project their feelings onto others, which results in paranoia.
Projection
In Gestalt therapy, ___________ is a process in which people turn back onto the self what they would like to do to others, resulting in self-destructive behavior.
Retroflection
In Gestalt therapy, ___________ is a process by which people distance themselves from their feelings through distraction, humor, and asking questions rather than making statements.
Deflection
In Gestalt therapy, ___________ is a lack of awareness of a differentiation between the self and others, in an attempt to avoid conflicts.
Confluence
In Glasser’s Reality Therapy, the key feature is _____________.
Responsibility
One of the two theoretical models that have influenced family therapists. Posits that the system is an interaction of component parts, which seeks to attain homeostasis.
General systems theory
One of the two theoretical models that have influenced family therapists. Focuses on the circular nature of feedback loops, which can be negative (status quo) or positive (change).
Cybernetics
According to this model of family therapy, the family is viewed as a single, interrelated system,
Key concepts: hierarchy of power, clarity and firmness of boundaries, significant alliances and splits
Three steps:
1) Joining
2) Evaluating/diagnosing
3) Restructuring
Minuchin’s Structural Family Therapy
This approach to family therapy is a combination of Minuchin’s structural approach and the communications approach.
Haley’s Strategic Family Therapy
Key aspects of this family therapy approach include circular questioning and prescription of rituals.
Milan group: Systemic Family Therapy
The essential goal of this family therapy approach is differentiation: the ability to be one’s true self in the face of familial pressures.
A high degree of fusion (emotional stuck togetherness) is the source of family dysfunction.
Uses genograms to explore multigenerational transmission process (emotional processes that have lasted in the family over several generations).
Bowen: Family Systems Therapy
This family therapy approach is known for its use of several types of questions, such as the miracle question.
“Suppose there was a miracle and this problem was solved. How would you know? What would be different?”
Solution-Focused Therapy
In this type of consultation, the consultant helps the consultee with an individual client.
E.g., the consultant helps a therapist develop a treatment plan for a child with conduct disorder.
Client-centered case consultation
In this type of consultation, the consultant helps the consultee with difficulties they are having in working with clients.
E.g., a therapist who commonly experiences countertransference toward clients diagnosed with BPD meets with a consultant to work on ways to address her reactions.
Consultee-centered case consultation
In this type of consultation, the consultant focuses on the consultee’s difficulties that limit effectiveness in instituting program change.
E.g., helping a therapist implement a rehabilitation program more effectively
Constultee-centered administrative consultation
In this type of consultation, the consultant focuses on developing, expanding, or modifying a program.
E.g., meeting with a group of clinicians to help them develop or improve a program for teens at risk of joining gangs.
Program-centered administrative consultation
__________ prevention attempts to prevent the onset of a disease or disorder.
E.g., alcohol and drug education, vaccinations
Primary
__________ prevention focuses on early identification and prompt treatment of an illness or disorder that already exists.
E.g., mammograms, hotlines, screening for learning disabilities
Secondary
__________ prevention focuses on reducing further negative consequences of a disability or disorder.
E.g., vocational rehab, treatment centers, 12-step programs
Tertiary
The average effect size in treatment research is _______.
.85
In this family therapy technique, family members position themselves (or objects that represent them) in physical space in a way that reflects their relations and roles within the family system.
Family sculpting
In clinical supervision, a ___________ occurs when a therapist’s interactions with their supervisor mirror or echo similar dynamics and relational patterns that are occurring in the therapist’s relationship with their client.
Parallel process
A ___________ approach emphasizes linear cause-effect relationships, individualism over collectivism, and a deterministic and reductionist perspective.
Lockean
In terms of group therapy, premature termination has been found to depend most on the members’ __________________.
Unrealistic expectations
In the first step of structural family therapy, the therapist actively participates in the family’s interactions and builds a relationship with the family to gain insight into their dynamics.
Tracking: identifying and using the family’s values, life themes, etc.
Mimesis: adopting the family’s affective and behavioral style
Joining
The hostility, criticism, and emotional over-involvement that family members express toward a patient with a mental disorder. Linked to higher risk of relapse.
High expressed emotion
