Growth and Lifespan Development Flashcards
Which conflict describes this stage of Erikson’s theory?
Age: Infancy
Important event: Feeding
Outcome: Hope
Trust vs. Mistrust
Which conflict describes this stage of Erikson’s theory?
Age: Early childhood
Important event: Toilet training
Outcome: Will
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Which conflict describes this stage of Erikson’s theory?
Age: Preschool
Important event: Exploration
Outcome: Purpose
Initiative vs. Guilt
Which conflict describes this stage of Erikson’s theory?
Age: School age
Important event: School
Outcome: Confidence
Industry vs. Inferiority
Which conflict describes this stage of Erikson’s theory?
Age: Adolescence
Important event: Social relationships
Outcome: Fidelity
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Which conflict describes this stage of Erikson’s theory?
Age: Young adulthood
Important event: Relationships
Outcome: Love
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Which conflict describes this stage of Erikson’s theory?
Age: Middle adulthood
Important event: Work and parenthood
Outcome: Care
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Which conflict describes this stage of Erikson’s theory?
Age: Maturity
Important event: Reflection on life
Outcome: Wisdom
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Adjusting to reality demands by reorganizing, modifying, or expanding existing cognitive structures or schemata
Accommodation (Piaget)
The process of taking in a new experience and incorporating it into existing cognitive structures
Assimilation (Piaget)
What is the strongest predictor of intellectual disability, with an unknown etiology?
Low birth weight
Marcia’s theory:
Stage that reflects low exploration and low commitment.
Identity diffusion
Marcia’s theory:
Stage that reflects low exploration and high commitment.
Foreclosure
Marcia’s theory:
Stage that reflects high exploration and low commitment.
Moratorium
Marcia’s theory:
Stage that reflects high exploration and high commitment.
Identity achievement
Piaget’s stage that corresponds to birth until the time of significant language acquisition (around age 2).
Includes object permanence and symbolic representation.
Sensorimotor stage
Piaget’s stage from age 2 to 7 that is characterized by increased use of symbols and language.
Includes intuitive thinking, egocentrism, phenomenalistic causality, animism, irreversibility, and centration.
Preoperational stage
Piaget’s stage from age 7 to 11 in which the child can operate and act on real or imagined concrete objects.
Includes operational thought and conservation.
Concrete operational stage
Piaget’s stage from 11 through adulthood, characterized by the ability to apply operations to abstract concepts in addition to concrete objects.
Includes metacognition.
Formal operational stage
According to Piaget, a person develops new knowledge based on the foundation of previous learning, and by interacting with objects and events in the environment. This concept is known as _____________.
Constructivism
This researcher delineated several attitudes and behaviors typical of adolescents, including finding fault with persons in authority, argumentativeness, indecisiveness, hypocrisy, self-consciousness, and a sense of invulnerability.
Personal fable - belief that they are somehow special
Imaginary audience - belief that everyone is thinking the same thing that they are thinking about
Elkind
According to _____, gender role development involves developing conceptual frameworks (schemas) of masculinity and femininity as the result of sociocultural experiences.
Bem
According to _______, children learn gender-typed behaviors through observing others, receiving reinforcement for gender-consistent behaviors, and being punished for gender-inconsistent behaviors,
Mischel
The tendency for older adults to recall more memories from their adolescence and early adulthood (roughly ages 10-30) than from other periods of their lives.
Reminiscence bump
The most common cause of intellectual disability is alterations during the ______________ stage of development.
Embryonic
Another name for “multiple cutoff” scoring.
Conjunctive scoring
It is usually recommended to start potty training at around age ________.
24 months
For most children, stranger anxiety beings at about ______ months.
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