Treatment and Rehab

Question 1

what is treatment?

Answer 1

A cure/medical approach
Crowe 2001; ‘treatment tends to be associated with passivity, treatment is often thought of as something done to someone, usually by a person who occupies a position of expertise’

Question 2

what is rehabilitation?

Answer 2

Reintegration
Bringing back into something
Something done to an offender by someone with expertise

Question 3

What are the 2 problems with the definition of treatment and rehab?

Answer 3

Never been in a healthy position to start with.

Implies a normalising standard to which someone can be measured BUT there is no desirable state to restore someone too

Question 4

Hudson 2003

Answer 4

‘taking away the desire to offend, is the aim of rehabilitative punishment’

Question 5

Structure and agency?

Answer 5

one or both of these is missing in the treatment and rehab of offenders

Question 6

what is structure

Answer 6

the underlying issue

Question 7

what is agency

Answer 7

the person- either being their motivation or themselves

Question 8

restitution

Answer 8

the act of restoring something stolen back to its owner

e.g. fines

Question 9

Deterrence and retribution

Answer 9

all punishments

e.g. prison sentence

Question 10

Rehabilitation

Answer 10

mandatory counselling

Question 11

incapacitation

Answer 11

taking away their ability to offend

e.g. house arrest

Question 12

Why would you rehabilitate someone?

Answer 12

to protect the public
help offenders reform
help reduce prison numbers
help people get on with their lives

Question 13

Can you rehabilitate in prisons

Answer 13

no.
Different identities within and without prisons
Different environments
Create personalities in prisons which do not show on the outside
Too short sentences- is it worth even bother trying?

Question 14

What are the 4 typology of rehab

Answer 14

correctional rehab
rehab and reform
reintegration and resettlement
rehab and the law

Question 15

Typology

correctional rehab

Answer 15

effecting positive changes in individuals

Question 16

Typology

rehab and reform

Answer 16

an earlier preoccupation with the reformation of one’s moral character

Question 17

Typology

reintegration and resettlement

Answer 17

restoring status-responsibilities.

Greater focus on the sociological aspects of rehab

Question 18

Typology

rehab and the law

Answer 18

settling the debt the offending created.

the restoration of citizenship in a legal sense

Question 19

rise of the rehab ideal

Answer 19

this ideal is based on positivism
:-criminals are born-not made
:-primary purpose of punishment is to effect a change in the character
:-social ill can be ‘cured’
:- scientific treatment was justified with reference to the common good and to individual needs

Question 20

what are 4 problems with treatment?

Answer 20

does treatment imply illness? De-humanise?
does treatment involve doing things to a passive object?
does treatment over attribute problems to pathology rather than social advantage?
Are there potential issues regarding coercive forms of treatment?

Question 21

alan turing

Answer 21

treated for being gay
coercive treatment
chemical castration

Question 22

what are the 3 ways that treatment is under fire>

Answer 22

theoretically
ethically
empirically

Question 23

under fire

theoretically

Answer 23

questions theoretical underpinnings of positivism

Question 24

under fire

ethically

Answer 24

treatments unethical

Question 25

under fire

empirically

Answer 25

rehab doesnt work

Question 26

Nothing works

Answer 26

Martinson 1974
Summarised a series of studies conducted on prison reform and found that “the present array of correctional treatments has no appreciable effect on the rates of recidivism”
Some programmes did work, granted but those had supporters and people who had dedicated their lives to helping prisoners. Included the person rather then the programme.
Previous ideologies were being challenged e.g. Lombroso and criminals are born-not made.
The offender needed to become the main focus.

Question 27

What works

Answer 27

“we must ask ‘which methods work for which type of offender, and under what conditions or in what type of setting’
This was based on criminogenic and psychological needs.
Interventions can only be effective if they target for change the causes of re-offending.
Scientific criminology should be used to ‘construct’ knowledge about what does work.

Question 28

what are some key aspects to make successful programmes?

Answer 28

highly structured
competent staff
address attitudes which are pro-social
matched with offenders characteristics
target medium-high risk offenders