Treatment and Rehab Flashcards
what is treatment?
A cure/medical approach
Crowe 2001; ‘treatment tends to be associated with passivity, treatment is often thought of as something done to someone, usually by a person who occupies a position of expertise’
what is rehabilitation?
Reintegration
Bringing back into something
Something done to an offender by someone with expertise
What are the 2 problems with the definition of treatment and rehab?
Never been in a healthy position to start with.
Implies a normalising standard to which someone can be measured BUT there is no desirable state to restore someone too
Hudson 2003
‘taking away the desire to offend, is the aim of rehabilitative punishment’
Structure and agency?
one or both of these is missing in the treatment and rehab of offenders
what is structure
the underlying issue
what is agency
the person- either being their motivation or themselves
restitution
the act of restoring something stolen back to its owner
e.g. fines
Deterrence and retribution
all punishments
e.g. prison sentence
Rehabilitation
mandatory counselling
incapacitation
taking away their ability to offend
e.g. house arrest
Why would you rehabilitate someone?
to protect the public
help offenders reform
help reduce prison numbers
help people get on with their lives
Can you rehabilitate in prisons
no.
Different identities within and without prisons
Different environments
Create personalities in prisons which do not show on the outside
Too short sentences- is it worth even bother trying?
What are the 4 typology of rehab
correctional rehab
rehab and reform
reintegration and resettlement
rehab and the law
Typology
correctional rehab
effecting positive changes in individuals
Typology
rehab and reform
an earlier preoccupation with the reformation of one’s moral character
Typology
reintegration and resettlement
restoring status-responsibilities.
Greater focus on the sociological aspects of rehab
Typology
rehab and the law
settling the debt the offending created.
the restoration of citizenship in a legal sense
rise of the rehab ideal
this ideal is based on positivism
:-criminals are born-not made
:-primary purpose of punishment is to effect a change in the character
:-social ill can be ‘cured’
:- scientific treatment was justified with reference to the common good and to individual needs
what are 4 problems with treatment?
does treatment imply illness? De-humanise?
does treatment involve doing things to a passive object?
does treatment over attribute problems to pathology rather than social advantage?
Are there potential issues regarding coercive forms of treatment?
alan turing
treated for being gay
coercive treatment
chemical castration
what are the 3 ways that treatment is under fire>
theoretically
ethically
empirically
under fire
theoretically
questions theoretical underpinnings of positivism
under fire
ethically
treatments unethical
under fire
empirically
rehab doesnt work
Nothing works
Martinson 1974
Summarised a series of studies conducted on prison reform and found that “the present array of correctional treatments has no appreciable effect on the rates of recidivism”
Some programmes did work, granted but those had supporters and people who had dedicated their lives to helping prisoners. Included the person rather then the programme.
Previous ideologies were being challenged e.g. Lombroso and criminals are born-not made.
The offender needed to become the main focus.
What works
“we must ask ‘which methods work for which type of offender, and under what conditions or in what type of setting’
This was based on criminogenic and psychological needs.
Interventions can only be effective if they target for change the causes of re-offending.
Scientific criminology should be used to ‘construct’ knowledge about what does work.
what are some key aspects to make successful programmes?
highly structured competent staff address attitudes which are pro-social matched with offenders characteristics target medium-high risk offenders
