RNR and GLM Flashcards
Risk need Responsivity
used to assess and rehabilitate criminals around the world
RNR
risk
criminal behaviour can be predicted and that treatment should focus on high risk offenders
match the level of service to the offender’s risk to re-offend
Risk includes to themselves, others and of re-offending
there are two types of risk factors
Criminal behaviour can be predicted
high risk offender=high intensity treatment
low risk offender with high treatment =increase of offending
to be a rehab theory, it has to meet what 3 criteria
basic assumptions
aetioloigical assumptions
practice strategies
criteria
basic assumptions
explicitly clean general assumptions
criteria
aetiological assumptions
causal assumptions
how and why offending
criteria
practice strategies
how interventions should play out
risk factors
static
dynamic
static risk factor
features of an offender’s background that predicts re-offending
e.g. gender or age of first offence
dynamic risk factor
changeable factors
e.g. substance abuse
4 objectives of risk
level of service to match level of risk
high risk offenders prioritised
high risk offenders require more intense services
low risk require little interventions
maslows hierarchy
5 needs
psychological needs safety needs belonging needs esteem needs self-actualisation The needs need to be met.
Criminogenic needs
These are dynamic risk factors that are directly linked to an individuals likelihood of re offending. Criminogenic needs come and go, addressing these needs are associated with an average 19% different in recidivism.
3 non criminogenic needs
self esteem
anxiety
medical needs
what is need
basic needs that are targeted for intervention, 4-6 needs targeted is more successful
highlights the importance of criminogenic needs in the treatment of offenders
what is responsivity
how the treatment should be provided- tailored to the individual’s learning style, motivation, abilities and strengths
what are the two parts of the responsivity principle
general
specific
what is general responsivity
the use of cognitive social learning methods to influence behaviour. These are the most effective regardless of the type of offender.
Treatment should be based on theoretical models that elicit change in individuals e.g. CBT
what is specific responsivity
Style of treatment should match the individual’s characteristics.
e.g. personality, motivation and gender
what is an advantage of using the RNR model?
found the greatest reduction in re-offending
what are 4 disadvantages of using the RNR model>
addressing only criminogenic needs leaves a gap in people’s lives
doesn’t address root causes
focus on elimination of negative attitudes-what about increase of positive?
not flexible
3 treatment programmes
counselling
AA
rehab programmes
Good lives model
a strengths-based approach
gives the individuals the ‘goods’ to make a better life
focus on approaching goals and how to do so.
able to accommodate a variety of risk factors
Takes into account individuals personal priorities
Equip offenders with the knowledge, skills, opportunities and resources to satisfy their lives
according to the GLM, how does criminal behaviour occur
when people lack the internal and external resources necessary to satisfy their values using pro social means
When an individual attempts to achieve their desired primary goods through antisocial means
underpinnings of the GLM model
all individuals strive to meet and accomplish basic needs and aspirations (primary goods)
aetiological assumptions
what are primary goods
the outcomes, states of being and experiences that are valued by an individual.
They will do this through whatever means available to them- this can mean through illegal ways
achieved through secondary goods
what are 3 examples of primary goods
life
inner peace
knowledge
what are secondary goods?
specific ways in which an individual achieves their primary goods
GLM-aetiological
two main routes to antisocial behaviour
direct
indirect
GLM-aetiological
direct pathway
where an offender actively attempts to get primary goods through their criminal behaviour. E.g. sexual offending the primary good of intimacy where they lack the skills to develop intimacy with an adult
aetiological assumptions
why someone would offend
GLM-aetioligcal
indirect pathway
less direct relationship between the persuit of primary goods and offending. e.g. aquire one or more goods creates conflict. e.g. conflict between the goods of intimacy and autonomy leads to break up of a relationship and hence feelings of loneliness
there are 4 types of difficulties that offenders experience when striving to obtain primary goods
scope
means
coherence
capacity
means
use of harmful strategies to achieve desired primary goods
scope
important goods are neglected
coherence
conflict arising in the pursuit of goods which can lead to psychological stress, this arises due to the good sought not being coherently related to one another.
capacity
lack of internal (skills) and external capacities (resources) necessary to live a prosocial life
RNR 8 risk factors that represent major criminogenic need areas that should be targeted for treatment
antisocial attitudes antisocial peers antisocial personality history of antisocial behaviour work/school leisure family substance abuse
risk factors
antisocial attitudes and target for intervention
holds attitudes that is favourable to crime identifying with crime negative attitudes towards the law belief that crime will give rewards justify criminal behaviour TFI reduce anti social thinking
risk factors
antisocial peers and TFI
association with procriminal others
isolation from anti criminal others
TFI
reduce these associations and increase others
risk factors
antisocial personality patters and TFI
people are impulsive, adventurous, pleasure seeking and aggressive
TFI
building skills to address weak self control, anger management and poor problem solving
risk factors
history of antisocial behaviour and TFI
early involvement of antisocial behaviour
being arrested at young age
prior offences
TFI
developing non-criminal behaviour from now on
risk factors
family and TFI
poor quality relationships
TFI
reduce conflict
build positive relationships
risk factors
school/work and TFI
low levels of performance, rewards, satisfaction and involvement
TFI
enhance all these
risk factors
leisure and TFI
low levels of involvement outside of criminal behaviours
TFI
enhance these involvements e.g. join a club
risk factors
substance abuse and TFI
problems with alcohol and drugs
TFI
alternatives
and provide programmes that can assist
