Treaties and Reservations Policy

Question 1

Origin of Reservations?

Answer 1

In the First Indian Appropriations Act.
Popularised in the 1860s

Question 2

When was the First Indian Appropriations Act?

Answer 2

17th September 1851

Question 3

First Fort Laramie Treaty:

Answer 3

1851
Tribes: Arapaho, Cheyenne, Sioux

Question 4

Fort Wise Treaty:

Answer 4

1861
Tribes: Arapaho, Cheyenne

Question 5

Medicine Lodge Treaty

Answer 5

1867
Tribes: Comanche, Kiowa, Plains Apache

Question 6

Second Fort Laramie Treaty

Answer 6

1868
Tribes: Arapaho, Lakota, Sioux

Question 7

Ponca Trail of Tears
- Extra information

Answer 7

1876

Result of the First Fort Laramie Treaty. The Ponca reservation was given to the Lakota in this treaty and they forcefully drove the Ponca out. Government organised their official removal. 200 died.

Question 8

What did the First Fort Laramie Treaty do:

Answer 8

• End fighting between tribes
• Allow migrants passage through Indian territory
• Alow railroads and roads built in their land
• US gov would pay a tribute of $50000 each year and provide supplies
• “all time”

Question 9

Indian Trade and Intercourse Act date

Answer 9

1834

Question 10

What did the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act do?

Answer 10

Set up Permanent Indian Frontier.
Defined Indian territory as “west of the Mississippi”

Question 11

When was President Grant’s peace policy

Answer 11

1868

Question 12

In Grant’s ‘peace policy’ who became the Commissioner of Indian Affairs?

Answer 12

Ely Parker (an Indian)

Question 13

How much money did Grant promise to spend on improving the conditions of the reservations and creating new ones?

Answer 13

$2 million

Question 14

Policy adopted by Congress in 1865?

Answer 14

“conquest by kindness”

Question 15

Which tribe attacked the army and white settlers in the south-west?

Answer 15

Chiricahua Apaches

Question 16

When were the Mecsalero Apaches defeated?

Answer 16

1863

Question 17

When were the Navajos and Kiowas defeated?

Answer 17

1864

Question 18

Second Indian Appropriations Act?

Answer 18

1871

Question 19

What was established in the Second Indian Appropriatons Act instead of tribes?

Answer 19

Wards

Question 20

Conditions by which the Great Sioux Reserve could be changed?

Answer 20

Established 1868

Could only be changed if 3/4 of the male population of the tribe agreed.

Question 21

What did the 2nd Indian Appropriations Act do to the Great Sioux Reserve?

Answer 21

Could change landholding without consultation tribe.

Question 22

What did reservations encourage?

Answer 22

• Abandonment of polygamy
• Braves could no longer establish their skill as warriors
• Herbal remedies forbidden
• Tribal laws abolished
• Power of the Tribal Chief deomlished

Question 23

1871 Act: The Indians were not seen as American citizens but…

Answer 23

“wards of the state”

Question 24

What happened in 1880s

Answer 24

Series of droughts killed crops
Disease killed the cattle

Question 25

What did Indian schools do?

Answer 25

“Killed the Indian in him and saved the man”

Question 26

Punishments for not sending children to boarding school?

Answer 26

Rations stopped

Question 27

Comment of the Yankton Sioux in Dakota: 1877

Answer 27

“As long as Indians live in villages they will retain many of their old and injurious habits. Frequent feasts, heathen ceremonies and dances, constant visiting - these will continue. I trust that before another year has ended they will generally be located upon individual land and farms. From that date will begin their real and permanent progress.”

Question 28

What was the Indian Trade and Intercourse Act 1834?

Answer 28

Set up the Permanent Indian Frontier.