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Native Americans > Indian Removal Act > Flashcards

Indian Removal Act Flashcards

1
Q

Date:

A

May 1830

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1
Q

Who was Edwin James?

A

Botanist

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2
Q

How did Edwin James describe the Great Plains?

A

wholly infit for cultivation

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3
Q

How did Jackson defend sending them to an inhospitable land?

A

away from liquor sellers, dishonest traders, and land dealers.

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4
Q

How many treaties signed with Native Americans in the Indian Removal Act?

A

94

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5
Q

When did Jackson announce that the policy has been / was being completed?

A

1835

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6
Q

Where were the 5 civilised tribes?

A

South

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7
Q

Which of the 5 civilised tribes refused to move?

A

Cherokee

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8
Q

When did the Cherokee appeal to the supreme court?

A

1831

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9
Q

What did the Cherokee’s lawyers argue?

A

The law did not apply to them as they were a “nation within a nation”

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10
Q

How did Jackson react to the supreme court’s ruling?

A

He ignored it.
Georgia declared that the Cherokee’s claim to the land was invalid.
- Banned from testifying against whites in court
- Banned from digging for Gold

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11
Q

Date: Treaty of Echota

A

1835

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12
Q

Terms of the Treaty of Echota?

A

Gave up 8 million acres of land for a homeland in the west and $5 million.

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13
Q

How many Cherokee moved after the Treaty of Echota?

A

2000

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14
Q

How many stayed in the east after the Treaty of Echota?

A

15,000

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15
Q

What happened in 1838?

A

Cherokee forcefully removed. 4000 died in camps or on the journey.

16
Q

What did the journey become known as?

A

‘Trail of Tears’

17
Q

Description of a soldier:

A
  • “some women were preparing the little body for burial. All were arrested and driven out, leaving the child in the cabin. I don’t know who buried the body.”
  • “But the task was to great for that frail mother. A stroke of heart failure relieved her sufferings.”
18
Q

The conditions of the Indian Removal Act (1830):

A
  • President given funds and power to move Native American tribes from their eastern lands to western lands.
  • The western lands (though unsuitable for white settlement) were to be guaranteed to the tribes “forever”
  • The government could provide some financial compensation and assistance in moving the Indians west
  • The act declared that no existing treaties would be violated. This meant that new treaties would have to be negotiated in which the tribes agreed to removal.
19
Q

Who opposed the Indian Removal?

A

Northerners mostly

20
Q

How was the Indian Territory seen in the West?

A

A kind of heaven where the Native Americans could adapt and assimilate the manners of White settlers.

21
Q

How many Choctaws died?

A

1,600 (nearly 1/10th of the tribe)

22
Q

When did the Choctaws treck?

A

Winter of 1831-2

23
Q

Who was the judge for the trial of the Cherokee?

A

Chief Justice John Marshall

24
Q

What did Chief Justice John Marshall say?

A

“domestic dependent nation”. Entitled to federal protection from Georgia.

25
Q

How many Native Americans did the Cherokee join in the Indian Territory?

A

50,000

26
Q

How long was the trail of tears?

A

1900 km

27
Q

Who did the Indian Removal Act effect?

A
  1. Choctaws of Mississippi
  2. Creeks of Alabama, Chickasaws of Mississippi and Tennessee
28
Q

Seminole tribe to Indian Removal Act?

A

Fought off the US army for 7 years before giving up their homeland

29
Q

How many US soldiers marched onto Cherokee land?

A

7000

30
Q

Makeshift concentration camps in North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama.

A

13
15,000 Cherokee

31
Q

Choctaws example of soldiers being unable to help?

A

In 1832, a boat loaded with Choctaws got stuck in ice on the Arkansas River near Fort Smith. The lieutenant escorting the party requested extra blankets from the boat’s supply. Without them, the stranded Choctaws faced death from exposure. When a superior officer denied the request, the lieutenant physically attacked him in order to get the blankets released. For this attempt to aid the Native Americans, the lieutenant was dishonourably discharged from the Army.

32
Q

How many Indians walked into exile in the 1930s?

A

nearly 100,000

33
Q

Description of the Choctaws from soldier?

A

“They are a wretched set of beings, nearly naked, and have marched the last twenty-four hours through sleet and snow, barefooted. If I could have done it with propriety, I would have given them shoes.”

34
Q

How many Cherokee moved west in the Trail of Tears?

A

13,000

35
Q

Who spoke out against the Indian Removal Act?

A

Davy Crockett
Daniel Webster

Native Americans (19 decks)

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