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Paper 21A: Medieval Welsh > Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn Vocabulary > Flashcards

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 1
Kat

A

Host
(Feminine noun)
(NB: Remember, ‘cat’ can be either ‘battle’ or ‘host’. Work it out based on context.)

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2
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 1
Diffret

A

Defence
(Maculine noun)

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3
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 1
Arllofeis

A

Gave; bestowed upon
(3rd singular preterite)
(Probably a scribal error, as ‘arllofeis’ is a 1st singular preterite, which makes no sense. Read ‘anllofes’ in order to get the correct verb form. This is done easily, as ‘e’ and ‘i’ are similar in older scripts.)

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4
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 1
Ket

A

Gift
(Masculine and feminine noun)

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5
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 2
Kanyt

A

Since it is not
(Conjunction + negative copula)

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6
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 2
Geu

A

False
(Adjective)

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7
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 2
Gofyget

A

Honour
(Masculine noun)

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8
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 2
Gwrthelgwn

A

Enricher; generous provider
(Meaning unclear. The GPC suggests that it is a scribal error for ‘gwrthelwr’.)
(NB: Williams also notes that ‘gwrthel’ means ‘furniture, equipment, outfit’. So ‘gwrthelgwn’ could mean ‘one who equips, one who furnishes’.)

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9
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 2
Trefbret

A

Estate
(Feminine noun)
(Scribal error for ‘trefret’, meaning ‘the land adjoining the house as well as the house itself’.)

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10
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 3, 4, 5
Kant; cant

A

A hundred
(Numeral)

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11
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 3
Gorwyd

A

Steeds
(Masculine noun)
(NB: Grammatically singular, but translated as plural due to numeral.)

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12
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 3
Kyfret

A

As swift as each other
(Equative adjective)

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13
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 3
Aryant

A

Silver
(Adjective)

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14
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 3
Tudet

A

Mantles; coverings
(Grammatically singular, but plural due to the numeral earlier in the line.)

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15
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 4
Llen

A

Veils
(Feminine noun)
(Grammatically singular, but plural due to the numeral earlier in the line.)

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16
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 4
Ehoec

A

Heather-coloured
(Adjective)

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17
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 4
O vn o vaen gyffret

A

Of the same measure
(Meaning unclear. Possibly ‘o vaen’ was a misreading for ‘am’. Thus ‘amgyffret’, meaning ‘measure, extent’.)

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18
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 5
Armell

A

Bracelets
(?Feminine noun)
(Grammatically singular, but plural due to the numeral earlier in the line.)

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19
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 5
Arffet

A

Lap
(Feminine noun)

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20
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 5
Phympwnt

A

Fifty
(Numeral)

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21
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 5
Cathet

A

?Ornamental coverings
(Could be ‘cathet’ meaning ‘cats’, however cats may have been too humble an offering to include in the list. Given this, it may be a misreading of ‘caened’, meaning ‘covering, skin, leather jacket’; in an earlier period it may have been written ‘cainet’, and ‘-in-‘ could have been misread as ‘-th-‘. Ifor Williams also suggests it may be the remnant of a word that has fallen out of use.)

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22
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 6
Cledyf

A

Sword
(Masculine noun)

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23
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 6
Gwein

A

Sheath
(Feminine noun)

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24
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 6
Karrec

A

Stone
(Masculine and feminine noun)

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25
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 6
Dyrngell

A

Auburn hilt
(Compound masculine noun + adjective)

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26
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 6
Gwell

A

Better
(Comparative adjective)

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27
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 6
Honeb

A

Than any
(Misreading of ‘no neb’)

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28
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 7
Cant

A

With; from
(Preposition)
(Old form of ‘gan’. It is not ‘cant’, 100, as it is in preceding lines.)

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29
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 7
Kaffat

A

These were received
(Impersonal preterite)
(NB: An example of a ‘proest’ rhyme with ‘anwelet’.)

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30
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 7
Kas anwelet

A

Whose anger was unseen; one who hates shame.
(NB: Construction is unclear. ‘Cas’ could mean either ‘hate, anger’, or ‘one who hates x’. ‘Anwelet’ could be either a form of ‘anweledig’, meaning ‘unseen, invisible’, or a misreading of ‘anwyled’, meaning ‘disgraceful, shameful’.)

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31
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 8
Katellig

A

Cadell’s lineage
(The ‘-ig’ ending describes the descendants of Cadell.)

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32
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 8
Ystret

A

Lineage; line; series
(Feminine noun)
(NB: Seemingly an emphasis on the meaning of ‘katellig’.)

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33
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 8
Kat anyscoget

A

Battle-immovable; an immovable host.
(Translation depends on the meaning of ‘kat’.)

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34
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 9
Kyrchet

A

Was made; made for
(Impersonal preterite)
(NB: Can be transitive or intransitive [that is, takes a subject or not] depending on whether ‘kat’ is translated as ‘battle’ or ‘host’.)

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35
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 9
Gwaywawr

A

Spears
(Plural masculine and feminine noun)

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36
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 9
Ebrifet

A

Innumerable
(Adjective)

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37
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 10
Gwenhwys

A

Men of Gwent
(Compound noun Gwent + gwyr)

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38
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 10
Ladet

A

Were slain
(Impersonal imperfect indicative)

39
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 10
A lafyn

A

By a blade
(Relative pronoun + masculine and feminine noun)
(Lenited from ‘llafyn’; preceded by relative pronoun ‘a’.)

40
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 10
Gwyarlet

A

Bloodstained; covered with blood
(Compound adjective)

41
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 11
Tec

A

Fair
(Adjective)

42
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 11
Erglyt

A

Secure; celebrated
(Adjective)

43
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 11
A molet

A

Because of praise; and praised
(Two ways to read: (a) as ‘o foled’, where molet is ‘praise’ and o is ‘from’, ‘because of’. (b) read a as ‘and’, and molet as an adjective.)

44
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 12
Tra

A

Across; beyond
(Preposition)

45
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 12
Menei

A

Menai Strait
(Proper noun)

46
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 12
Mynet

A

Going
(Verbal noun)

47
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 12
Gworwyd

A

Quite easy
(Compound; gwo ‘rather, quite’ + rhwydd ‘easy, speedy’.)

48
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 12
A gworgret

A

Because of the rest
(Masculine noun)
(NB: Take ‘a’ as ‘o’, ‘because of’, as in the preceding line.)

49
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 13
Cruc

A

Hill
(Masculine noun)

50
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 13
Dymet

A

Dyfed
(Proper noun)

51
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 13
Aercol

A

Aergol
(Proper noun)

52
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 13
Ar gerdet

A

On the move
(Verbal noun)
(Meaning agitated, rather than fleeing, according to Ifor Williams.)

53
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 14
Nac

A

Before
(Preposition)
(Read as ‘rac’.)

54
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 14
Rywelet

A

Been seen
(Perfective preverbal particle + impersonal imperfect indicative)

55
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 14
Y biw

A

His cattle
(Feminine noun)

56
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 14
Rac ffriw

A

In front of
(Compound preposition)
(Literally ‘before the face of’.)

57
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 14
Neb

A

Anyone [else]
(Pronoun)

58
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 15
Brolet

A

Territory-extending
(Adjective)
(NB: Perhaps translate as ‘extending his territory’.)

59
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 15
Eidywet

A

His
(Meaning unclear. Could be an error for erglywet, ‘to listen’. Or, perhaps the -et is an error and it is meant to be eidaw, 3rd singular masculine possessive pronoun. Or, could it be a compound of ei, ‘their’ and dywet, ‘to say’?)
(NB: If taking as ‘his’, note the change.)

60
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 15
Eidunet

A

Desire
(Masculine and feminine noun)

61
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 16
Kernyw

A

Cornwall
(Proper noun)

62
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 16
Kyfarchet

A

Let it beg
(Meaning unclear. Could be 3rd singular imperative of cyfarchu ‘to ask, to request, to beg’. In any case, Kernyw is the subject.)

63
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 16
Ny mawl

A

He will not praise
(Verbal noun; changed to 3rd singular present/future indicative in translation.)

64
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 16
Ieu (ieu)

A

Their
(Read ‘eu’: 3rd plural possessive pronoun)

65
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 16
Tyghet

A

Fate
(Masculine and feminine noun)

66
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 17
Dystwc

A

He brings upon them
(3rd singular present indicative)
(NB: The 3rd plural infixed pronoun ‘’s’ is inserted in the middle of the word.

67
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 17
Aghyffret

A

Suffering
(Masculine noun)

68
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 17
Ynyd

A

Until
(Conjunction)
(NB: Read ‘yny’)

69
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 17
Am iolet

A

He was petitioned
(Impersonal imperfect indicative)
(NB: Here, am is actually a’m, with the infixed 3rd singular pronoun.)

70
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 18
Kynnelw

A

Patronage
(Masculine noun)

71
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 18
Ergynnan

A

Chief
(Masculine noun)
(Comparative connotations: Mary is the ergynan rianet, ‘chief of all virgins’; Owain was the Gwynet ar gynnan, ‘chief of Gwynedd’.)

72
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 19
Aeleu

A

With his light
(Masculine noun)
(NB: Read as a’e leu.)

73
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 19
Lydan

A

Broad
(Adjective)

74
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 19
Kyfwyrein

A

Raising
(Verbal noun)

75
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 19
Mawrtan

A

Great fire
(Compound noun + adjective)
(NB: Note the lack of spelled lenition on ‘tan’, despite the irregular word order.)

76
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 20
Ygwlat

A

In the land
(Preposition + feminine noun)
(Spirant mutation of ‘gwlat’; absorbed by particle)

77
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 20
Katlan

A

Battlefield
(Feminine noun)

78
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 20
God aran

A

Mole-hill; clamorous
(Either take as one word, the adjective ‘clamorous’, or as ‘mole-hill’ in a genitive with ‘katlan’.)

79
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 21
Tegyrned

A

Princes
(Plural masculine noun)
(NB: Note the alternate form.)

80
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 21
Truan

A

Wretched
(Adjective)

81
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 21
Crinyt

A

You will quake
(2nd plural present/future imperative)

82
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 22
Lluryc

A

Breastplate
(Masculine and feminine noun)

83
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 22
Ymwan

A

Piercing
(3rd singular present indicative)

84
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 22
Eissor

A

Like; of the same nature as
(Adjective)

85
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 22
Llyw heechan

A

Dragon; beast
(Masculine and feminine noun)
(NB: Read as ‘llywethan’, derived from ‘leviathan’.)

86
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 23
Kyngen

A

Cyngen
(Proper noun)

87
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 23
Kymangan

A

Of the same nature as
(Noun)
(NB: Read as ‘cyvanian’, meaning ‘similarity of nature’. In a reverse genitive with ‘kyngen’, and so should be lenited, but this is not spelled.)

88
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 24
Kigleu

A

I heard
(1st singular preterite)
(NB: Remember, ‘kigleu’ can be both 1st and 3rd singular preterite.)

89
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 24
Ymdidan

A

Talk; conversation
(Verbal noun)

90
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 24
Yny gochvan

A

Praising him
(Verbal noun)
(NB: ‘Yny’ must be split to ‘yn y’, with ‘yn’ as the predicative particle, and ‘y’ as the 3rd singular possessive pronoun.)

91
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 25
Kylch

A

All around
(Preposition)

92
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 25
Goch gwochuan

A

Under the red sun
(NB: Read ‘gwochuan’ as ‘gwo huan’, meaning ‘under the sun’.)
(NB: Williams assumes that ‘goch’ was a mistake by the scribe, a dittography, where a word is written twice erroneously. Don’t translate as that, though, and move the word order around a bit.)

93
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 25
Keith

A

Captive
(Adjective)

94
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 25
Ynt

A

Are
(3rd plural present indicative of ‘bot’)

Paper 21A: Medieval Welsh (11 decks)

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