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Paper 21A: Medieval Welsh > Dadolwch Vryen Vocabulary > Flashcards

Dadolwch Vryen Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 1
Lleuuyd

A

Chief
(Masculine noun)
(NB: Williams notes that it could also refer to the area, a compound with lleu ‘fair’, meaning ‘blessed land’.)

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2
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 1
Echassaf

A

Most valiant
(Superlative adjective)

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3
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 1
Mi ny’w dirmygaf

A

I will not slight him
(1st singular present/future indicative)

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4
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 2, 7
Gyrchaf

A

I make for
(1st singular present indicative)
(Lenited from ‘cyrchaf’; preceded by preverbal article ‘a’.)

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5
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 2
Idaw

A

To him
(Compound preposition)

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6
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 2
Ganaf

A

I sing
(1st singular present indicative)
(Lenited from ‘canaf’; preceded by preverbal particle ‘yt’.)

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7
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 3
Pan

A

When
(Conjunction)

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8
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 3
Del

A

Comes
(3rd singular present subjunctive of ‘dyuot’.)
(NB: The subjunctive is implied by the preceding ‘pan’.)

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9
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 3
Vygwaessaf

A

My warrant
(Masculine noun)
(Spirant mutation from ‘gwaessaf’; preceded by 1st singular possessive pronoun.)

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10
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 3
Kynnwys

A

Welcome
(Masculine noun)

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11
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 3
Gaffaf

A

I will have
(1st singular present/future indicative)
(Lenited from ‘caffaf’; preceded by preverbal article ‘a’.)

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12
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 4
Parth

A

Region
(Masculine and feminine noun)

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13
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 4
Goreuhaf

A

Best
(Superlative adjective)

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14
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 4
Ydan

A

Under
(Compound preposition)

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15
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 4
Eilassaf

A

Foremost chieftain
(Superlative adjective as noun)

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16
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 5
Nyt mawr

A

Not much
(Adjective)

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17
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 5
Dawr

A

Matters to
(3rd singular present indicative)

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18
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 5
Byth

A

Always; ever
(Adverb)

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19
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 5
Gweheleith

A

Princes
(Plural masculine noun)
(NB: Williams suggests amending to ‘gwehelith’, a near-identical word, to match the internal rhyme.)

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20
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 5
Welaf

A

I see
(1st singular present indicative)
(Lenited from ‘gwelaf’; preceded by preverbal article ‘a’.)

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21
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 6
Nyt af

A

I do not go
(1 singular present/future indicative of ‘mynet’)

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22
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 6
Attudunt

A

To them
(Compound preposition)

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23
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 6
Ganthunt

A

With them
(Compound preposition)

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24
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 6
Ny bydaf

A

I will not be
(1st singular present/future indicative of ‘bot’)

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25
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 7
Gogled

A

The North
(Masculine noun)

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26
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 7
Meiteyrned

A

Mighty/petty kings
(Plural masculine noun)
(NB: Read as ‘mechteyrnedd’; could be translated as ‘mighty kings’, following Ifor Williams, or as a compound noun with ‘mech’ as a lenited ‘bach’, so ‘small, petty’. This makes more sense given that Taliesin will not go to them.)

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27
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 8, 18
Kyn

A

Although; before (in time)

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28
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 8
Pei

A

It were
(3rd singular imperfect subjunctive)
(NB: The imperfect mood is supplied by the preceding ‘kyn’.)

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29
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 8
Lawered

A

Much
(Masculine noun)
(Lenited from ‘llawered’; preceded by ‘am’ [even though this is the preverbal particle and 1st singular infixed pronoun].)

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30
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 8
Gwnelwn

A

I would have made
(1st singular imperfect subjunctive of ‘gwneuthur’)

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31
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 8
Gyghwystled

A

Wager
(Feminine noun)

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32
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 9
Nyt reit

A

It is not right
(Adjective [implied copula])

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33
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 9
Hoffed

A

Boast
(Masculine noun)

34
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 9
Ny’m gomed

A

Will not refuse me
(3rd singular present indicative)

35
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 10
Lloyfenyd

A

Llwyfenydd
(Proper noun)

36
Q

Dadolwch Vryen ll. 10, 20
Tired

A

Lands
(Plural masculine noun)
(NB: This should be lenited due to the irregular copula construction, but it is not.)

37
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 10 ff.
Ys meu

A

Mine is/are
(Pronoun + copula)

38
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 10
Reufed

A

Wealth; riches
(Masculine noun)

39
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 11
Gwyled

A

Courtesy
(Masculine noun)

40
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 11
Llared

A

Generosity
(Masculine noun)

41
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 12
Delideu

A

?Feasts
(Meaning unclear)

42
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 12
Gorefrasseu

A

Luxuries
(Plural masculine noun)

43
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 13
Med

A

Mead
(Masculine noun)

44
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 13
Vualeu

A

Drinking horns
(Plural masculine noun)
(NB: Derived from the word for ‘wild ox, bison’; the drinking vessel would be made from the horn of the animal.)

45
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 13
Da

A

Wealth
(Adjective for noun)

46
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 13
Dieisseu

A

Without want
(Adjective)

47
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 14
Gan

A

With; from
(Preposition)

48
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 14
Teyrn

A

Ruler
(Masculine noun)

49
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 14
Goreu

A

Greatest
(Superlative adjective)

50
Q

Dadolwch Vryen ll. 14, 19
Haelaf

A

Most generous
(Superlative adjective)

51
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 14
Rygigleu

A

That I’ve heard of
(Perfective preverbal particle ‘ry’ + 1st singular preterite)
(Lenited from ‘cigleu’; preceded by preverbal particle ‘ry’.)

52
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 15
Teyrned

A

Kings
(Plural masculine noun)

53
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 15
Pop ieith

A

Every nation
(Feminine noun)

54
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 15
It

A

To you
(Compound preposition)
(NB: Read ‘itti’, perhaps? Could also be a form of the preverbal particle.)

55
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 15
Oll

A

All
(Pronoun)

56
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 15
Ynt

A

Are
(3rd plural present indicative)

57
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 15
Geith

A

Captive
(Adjective)
(Lenited from ‘ceith’; preceded directly by verb.)

58
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 16
Ragot

A

Because of you
(Compound preposition)

59
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 16
Gwynir

A

People lament
(Impersonal present indicative)

60
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 16
Dir

A

Necessary
(Adjective)

61
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 16
Oleith

A

To elude
(Verbal noun)
(Lenited from ‘goleith’; preceded by 2nd singular pronoun ‘dy’.)

62
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 17
Kyt

63
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 17
Mynasswn

A

I had wished
(1st singular pluperfect)

64
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 17
Gweyhelu henwn

A

[To throw] twigs at an old man
(?Verbal noun + composite masculine noun)
(NB: Idiomatically meaning ‘to jest/jibe at the king’.)

65
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 18
Nyt oed

A

There was not
(3rd singular preterite)

66
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 18
Well

A

Better one
(Comparative adjective as noun)
(Lenited from ‘gwell’; preceded directly by verb.)

67
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 18
A gerwn

A

Whom I loved
(Relative particle + 1st singular imperfect indicative)

68
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 18
Gwybydwn

A

I knew
(1st singular imperfect indicative)
(NB: The preceding ‘ys’ is not a copula, but instead 3rd singular infixed pronoun. So ‘…him’.)

69
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 19
Weithon

A

Now
(Adverb)

70
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 19
Gwelaf

A

I see
(1st singular present indicative)

71
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 19
Meint

A

How much
(Masculine and feminine noun)

72
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 19
Gaffaf

A

I have
(1st singular present indicative)

73
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 19
Namyn

A

Except for
(Preposition)

74
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 19
Vchaf

A

Supreme
(Superlative adjective)

75
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 19
Ny’s dioferaf

A

I will not renounce him
(1st singular present indicative)

76
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 19
Teyrn veibon

A

Princely sons
(Noun as adjective + plural masculine noun)
(Lenited from ‘meibon’; irregular genitive construction.)
(NB: ‘Teyrn’ as adjective is odd, but we know that it must be because ‘veibon’ is lenited.)

77
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 19
Dynedon

A

People
(Plural masculine and feminine noun)

78
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 20
Wy Kanan

A

They sing
(3rd singular present indicative)
(NB: The ‘t’ is not spelled at the end of the verb; this is because the ‘t’ was often dropped in speech.)
(NB: The 3rd plural pronoun is in a reduced form.)

79
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 20
Hyscyrron

A

Branches; songs
(Plural masculine noun)
(Meaning unclear. Ifor Williams suggests the plural of yscwrr, ‘branch’.)

80
Q

Dadolwch Vryen l. 20
Galon

A

Enemies
(Masculine noun)
(NB: Grammatically singular, but translated as plural.)
(NB: Not lenited as the pronoun ‘eu’ does not cause lenition.)

Paper 21A: Medieval Welsh (11 decks)

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