Traumatic Conditions & Fractures (midterm)

Question 1

When was the 1st case of malpractice for failure to take an xray?

Answer 1

April 1896 (4 months after xrays were discovered)

Question 2

What is the minimum # of views to take for fractures?

Answer 2

2 views, must be 90 degrees to each other

Question 3

What is the old name for open fracture?

Answer 3

compound fracture

Question 4

Skin penetrated over fracture site

Answer 4

open fracture

Question 5

What is the old name for closed fracture?

Answer 5

simple fracture

Question 6

Skin NOT penetrated over fracture site

Answer 6

closed fracture

Question 7

fracture with 3+ bony fragments

Answer 7

comminuted fracture

Question 8

What is this?

Answer 8

comminuted fracture

Question 9

fracture completely through the bone with 2 fragments

Answer 9

non-comminuted fracture

Question 10

Portion of bone is torn away from muscular or ligamentous pulling

Answer 10

avulsion fracture

Question 11

What is this?

Answer 11

avulsion fracture

Question 12

What is this?

Answer 12

avulsion fracture

Question 13

Avulsion fracture of long tubular bones is called?

Answer 13

chip fracture

Question 14

What is this?

Answer 14

chip fracture

Question 15

What is another name for impaction fracture?

Answer 15

compression fracture

Question 16

Portion of bone driven into adjacent segment

Answer 16

impaction/compression fracture

Question 17

What is this?

Answer 17

impaction/compression fracture (can see a “white zone of impaction”)

Question 18

Which fracture is caused by repetitive stress?

Answer 18

stress fracture

Question 19

Where are stress fractures most common?

Answer 19

2nd metatarsal

Question 20

Stress fractures through diseased bone is termed?

Answer 20

insufficiency fracture

Question 21

What is this?

Answer 21

stress fracture

Question 22

What is this?

Answer 22

stress fracture

Question 23

What is a bone bruise/occult fracture?

Answer 23

-clinical signs and symptoms of fracture without there being xray evidence of fracture
-follow up xrays are usually taken 5-10 days post injury and may show bony resorption or frank displacement
-can be seen on MRI

Question 24

What is the most common site for a bone bruise/occult fracture?

Answer 24

scaphoid bone of hand

Question 25

What is the 2nd most common site for a bone bruise/occult fracture?

Answer 25

ribs

Question 26

What is the other name for pseudo fracture?

Answer 26

Loser's lines

Question 27

Why is a pseudo fracture not a true fracture?

Answer 27

-thought to be due to vascular pulsations or due to insufficiency (demineralization) -represents areas of uncalcified osteoid (bone softening conditions)

Question 28

Diagonal break cross bone is called an....

Answer 28

oblique fracture

Question 29

Where are oblique fractures commonly seen?

Answer 29

shaft of bone

Question 30

Which fracture is 45 degrees to the long axis of bone?

Answer 30

oblique fractures

Question 31

What is another name for spiral fracture?

Answer 31

rotation fracture

Question 32

Torsion along with axial compression and angulation causes a _________ fracture

Answer 32

spiral

Question 33

The end of spiral fracture looks like what?

Answer 33

pointed pencil

Question 34

A spiral fracture spirals around the bone which is common in what injuries?

Answer 34

twisting

Question 35

What are the other names for transverse fracture?

Answer 35

-banana -chalk -carrot stick -pathological***

Question 36

Which fracture is uncommon in healthy bones?

Answer 36

transverse fracture

Question 37

What are the radiological features of fracture healing?

Answer 37

first 5 days: -resorption of fracture line -results in increased width of actual fracture line 10-15 days later -veil of new bone is formed adjacent to fracture site called a callus callus formation remodeled width filling in of cortical break healing process takes 4-6 weeks for young patient, 6-12 weeks for older patient end result is complete absence of fracture line