Traumatic Conditions & Fractures (midterm) Flashcards
When was the 1st case of malpractice for failure to take an xray?
April 1896 (4 months after xrays were discovered)
What is the minimum # of views to take for fractures?
2 views, must be 90 degrees to each other
What is the old name for open fracture?
compound fracture
Skin penetrated over fracture site
open fracture
What is the old name for closed fracture?
simple fracture
Skin NOT penetrated over fracture site
closed fracture
fracture with 3+ bony fragments
comminuted fracture
What is this?
comminuted fracture
fracture completely through the bone with 2 fragments
non-comminuted fracture
Portion of bone is torn away from muscular or ligamentous pulling
avulsion fracture
What is this?
avulsion fracture
What is this?
avulsion fracture
Avulsion fracture of long tubular bones is called?
chip fracture
What is this?
chip fracture
What is another name for impaction fracture?
compression fracture
Portion of bone driven into adjacent segment
impaction/compression fracture
What is this?
impaction/compression fracture (can see a “white zone of impaction”)
Which fracture is caused by repetitive stress?
stress fracture
Where are stress fractures most common?
2nd metatarsal
Stress fractures through diseased bone is termed?
insufficiency fracture
What is this?
stress fracture
What is this?
stress fracture
What is a bone bruise/occult fracture?
-clinical signs and symptoms of fracture without there being xray evidence of fracture
-follow up xrays are usually taken 5-10 days post injury and may show bony resorption or frank displacement
-can be seen on MRI
What is the most common site for a bone bruise/occult fracture?
scaphoid bone of hand
What is the 2nd most common site for a bone bruise/occult fracture?
ribs
What is the other name for pseudo fracture?
Loser’s lines
Why is a pseudo fracture not a true fracture?
-thought to be due to vascular pulsations or due to insufficiency (demineralization)
-represents areas of uncalcified osteoid (bone softening conditions)
Diagonal break cross bone is called an….
oblique fracture
Where are oblique fractures commonly seen?
shaft of bone
Which fracture is 45 degrees to the long axis of bone?
oblique fractures
What is another name for spiral fracture?
rotation fracture
Torsion along with axial compression and angulation causes a _________ fracture
spiral
The end of spiral fracture looks like what?
pointed pencil
A spiral fracture spirals around the bone which is common in what injuries?
twisting
What are the other names for transverse fracture?
-banana
-chalk
-carrot stick
-pathological***
Which fracture is uncommon in healthy bones?
transverse fracture
What are the radiological features of fracture healing?
first 5 days:
-resorption of fracture line
-results in increased width of actual fracture line
10-15 days later
-veil of new bone is formed adjacent to fracture site called a callus
callus formation remodeled width filling in of cortical break
healing process takes 4-6 weeks for young patient, 6-12 weeks for older patient
end result is complete absence of fracture line
