Traumatic Brain Injuries

Question 1

what type of head injury is initial damage that results from trauma to the head

Answer 1

primary head injury

Question 2

what type of head injury evolves from minutes to days after the initial injury resulting from decreased metabolism & oxygenation

Answer 2

secondary head injury

Question 3

what are the 2 types of primary brain injuries

Answer 3

open or closed trauma

Question 4

what is the difference between open and closed trauma brain injuries

Answer 4

open trauma - brain is exposed

closed - skull remains intact

Question 5

what type of skull fracture is a simple clean break; 80% of fractures

Answer 5

linear

Question 6

what type of skull fracture is the bone pressed inward; associated with hemorrhage

Answer 6

depressed

Question 7

what type of skull fracture does the bone shatter; associated w/ hemorrhage

Answer 7

comminuted/compound

Question 8

what type of skull fracture is a the base of the skull

Answer 8

basilar

Question 9

with what type of skull fracture would you see battles sign, periorbital edema, & rhino/otorrhea

Answer 9

basilar fracutre

Question 10

what is ecchymosis in the mastoid area associated w/ a basilar fracture

Answer 10

battles sign

Question 11

what are the 2 types of closed head trauma

Answer 11

concussion

contusion

Question 12

what is the difference between a concussion and a contusion

Answer 12

concussion has a temporary loss of consciousness

Question 13

what is it called when there is bruising at the side of impact with a concussion

Answer 13

coup injury

Question 14

what is it called when there is bruising at the side opposite of impact with a concussion

Answer 14

contra-coup injury

Question 15

what are some signs of concussion

Answer 15

LOC
amnesia
confusion
imbalance
personality changes

Question 16

what are some symptoms of concussion

Answer 16

headache
dizziness
N/V
vision changes

Question 17

what type of injury includes hemorrhages & the hematomas they cause

Answer 17

secondary brain injury

Question 18

what is a space occupying lesion that can cause increased ICP

Answer 18

hematoma

Question 19

what are hematomas classified by

Answer 19

location

Question 20

which type of hematoma tears the dura from the skull

Answer 20

epidural

Question 21

which type of hematoma is associated w/ skull fractures, contusions

Answer 21

epidural

Question 22

which type of hematoma requires emergency surgery or the pt will die

Answer 22

epidural

Question 23

which type of hematoma is associated with closed head injuries, anticoagulants

Answer 23

subdural

Question 24

which type of hematoma is often a sudden onset r/t htn, trauma

Answer 24

intracerebral

Question 25

what are some ways to decrease ICP

Answer 25

avoid suction/noxious stimuli
osmotic diuretics
sedatives (propafol)
hyperventilation

Question 26

what type of blood does hyperventilation cause

Answer 26

alkalosis

Question 27

what type of fluid therapy is used to maintain cerebral perfusion

Answer 27

isotonic - NS

Question 28

what 2 meds are given to maintain adequate BP with increased ICP

Answer 28

dopamine

diltiazem

Question 29

what does dopamine do to BP

Answer 29

increase it

Question 30

what does diltiazem do to BP

Answer 30

decrease it

Question 31

which drug is given to prevent seizures in pts w/ increased ICP

Answer 31

dilantin

Question 32

brain death or vegetative state:

irreversible, no reflex activity, apnea w/o vent, dolls eyes

Answer 32

brain death

Question 33

brain death or vegetative state:

can breath alone, + cranial nerve function, + reflexes

Answer 33

vegetative state