Neural Regulation Flashcards
what are the changes in diameter of BVs to maintain a constant blood flow called
autoregulation
what is the Monroe-Kellie hypothesis
if one thing in the skull expands the other two must compensate
what are 3 things that inferfere with blood flow
stroke
hemorrhage
aneurysm
what is the amount of blood flow from systemic circulation required to provide adequate O2 & glucose to the brain
cerebral perfusion pressure
how is the CPP calculated
MAP-ICP
what is the normal CPP
70-100
what CPP level may cause ischemic damage
<70
which CPP value indicates irreversible damage
<50
what are some early signs of ⬆️ ICP
change in LOC
pupil changes
wekness in one extremity/side
constant headache
what are some late symptoms of ⬆️ ICP
cushing’s triad
projectile vomiting
what are the 3 components of cushing’s triad
bradycardia
bradypnea
hypertension
what causes decerebrate posturing
damage to upper brainstem
what causes decorticate posturing
damage to one or both spinal tracts
what is different between decerebrate and decorticate posturing
decorticate has hands on chest
what are 4 potential complications of ⬆️ ICP
infection
SIADH
brainstem herniation
diabetes insipidus
which 2 drugs are anti-inflammatories used to tx cerebral edema, MS
solumedrol & dexamethasone
which drug is a long acting glucocorticoid
dexamothasone
which drug is an intermediate acting glucocorticoid
solumedrol
what 3 things may increase as a side effect of dexamethasone
blood sugar
body fat
BP
what is the most commonly used anticonvulsive
dilantin
which anticonvulsive can be given IV
dilantin
which 2 drugs are given for seizures & nerve pain
tegretol
neurontin
what type of antihypertensive is given for ⬆️ ICP
calcium channel blockers
which antihypertensive drug may be given for ⬆️ ICP
diltiazem
which calcium channel blocker may be used for vasospasm in ⬆️ ICP
nimodipine
which osmotic diuretic is given with ⬆️ ICP
mannitol
what are 2 loop diuretics that may be used for ⬆️ ICP
lasix
bumex
what is the localization of a target within a 3D space using a headframe for pt stabilization
stereotactic
what is the worst type of glioma
GBM
what is the name of a tumor on the outside of the brain that can be surgically removed
meningioma
what type of chemo is used for brain tumors
carmustine (gliadel wafer)
what is a like a portacath for the brain
ommaya
what is an alternative surgical approach for removing pituitary tumors through the nose
transphenoidal hypophysectomy
what is a complication of ⬆️ ICP - excess release of ADH caused by injury to the hypothalamus
SIADH
what is a complication of ⬆️ ICP that results from manipulation of the posterior gland; not enough ADH is secreted
diabetes insipidus
what is the treatment for diabetes insipidus
vasopressin
what are 2 common signs of diabetes insipidus
polyuria
polydypsi
what is a complication of ⬆️ ICP with purulent CSF, headache, nuchal rigidity, fever, and photophobia
meningitis
what is a complication of ⬆️ ICP - unilateral paralysis/numbness of the face
bell’s palsy
what is a complication of ⬆️ ICP caused by inflammation of CN7
bell’s palsy
what is a complication of ⬆️ ICP that causes unilateral intermittent pain of the face
trigeminal neuralgia
what is a complication of ⬆️ ICP that is caused by CN5
trigeminal neuralgia
what is the treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
tegretol
neurontin
what is the tx for bell’s palsy
steroids
