Physiology Flashcards
what is a problem associated with neuron dysfunction
MS
what is a problem associated with glial cells
glioma (malignant brain tumor)
what are the 3 actions of neurotransmitters
potentiate
terminate
modulate a specific action
which area of the brain controls smell, problem solving, judgement
frontal lobe
which area of the brain controls emotion
temporal lobe
which area of the brain controls speech
wernicke’s area
which area of the brain controls swallowing, breathing, & heartbeat
brainstem
which area of the brain controls sensory relay
thalamus
which area of the brain regulates the secretion of pituitary hormones, temperature
hypothalamus
which area of the brain commonly has tumors
pituitary
list the layers of the meninges from outside to in
skull dura mater arachnoid mater subarachnoid space pia mater brain
how is blood supplied to the brain and by how much
carotid system - 80%
vertebral/basilar system - 20%
where is CSF formed
cerebral ventricles
what absorbs CSF
arachnoid villi
what are the 3 purposes of CSF
protection
nutrition
maintain ICP
what 2 nutrients does CSF contain
protein
glucose
what is the normal pressure of CSF
5-20
describe the appearance of CSF
clear, colorless
what is the level of protein in CSF
15-45
when does the CSF protein level increase
cell breakdown:
infection
hemorrhage
MS
what is the normal level of glucose in CSF
50-75
what happens to the CSF glucose level when there is an infection
decreases
which cranial nerve controls pupillary reaction
3
which cranial nerve controls corneal reflexes
5
which cranial nerve controls facial sensation
5
which cranial nerve controls jaw movements
5
which cranial nerve controls gag reflex
10
what is the inability to convert thought to action
apraxia
what is the inability to recognize objects using senses
agnosia
which glasgow coma scale means the pt is in a coma
<8
which glasgow coma score is perfect
15
what means difficulty speaking
dysphonia
what means slurring of speech in a slow rhythm
dysarthria
what is a common cause of dysarthria
drugs
what does bilateral dilated fixed pupils mean
brain death
what do pinpoint pupils mean
pons damage/drugs
what are the 3 components of gait
motor power
sensation
coordination
what is an ataxic gait
unsteady
what is the name of jerky purposeless movements that are seen with parkinson’s pts
chorea
what diagnostic test monitors cerebral blood flow & evaluates vascular lesions
brain scans
what diagnostic test provides 2D & 3D pictures of brain activity
PET scan
what diagnostic test measures radioactive isotopes that are injected into the blood stream
PET scan
what diagnostic test is used to detect/highlight tumors, diseased tissue, & show blood flow
PET scan
when would a lumbar puncture be contraindicated
⬆️ ICP
where is a lumbar puncture inserted
between L3 & L4
what diagnostic test is used to diagnose epilepsy
EEG
what diagnostic test assesses brain death vs persistant vegetative state
EEG
what diagnostic test records the electrical activity from the brain/spinal cord to a peripheral nerve root
EMG (electromyography)
what diagnostic test diagnoses nerve & muscle dysfunction & spinal cord disease
EMG (electromyography)
what diagnostic test inserts electrodes into a muscle to assess the changes in voltage during movement and at rest
EMG (electromyography)
what diagnostic test measures electical energy by assessing the nerve’s ability to send a signal
NCV test (nerve conduction velocity)
