Epilepsy/Seizures Flashcards
what are the 2 causes of seizures
idiopathic
aquired
what are some causes of idiopathic seizures
genetics
developmental defect
what are some causes of acquired seizures
hypoxia head injury stroke tumors withdrawal fever
what type of seizure begins in one specific region of the cortex and may spread
partial
what type of seizure has no loss of consciousness, lasts <1 min
simple partial
what type of seizure has an impaired level of consciousness, automatisms
complex partial
what type of seizure is a bilateral synchronous discharge in the brain
generalized
which type of seizure involves the whole brain at once
generalized
seizure s/s - deja vu, aphasia
simple partial seizure
which type of seizure may lead to a jacksonian seizure
simple partial seizure
which type of seizure has no aura/warning
generalized
type of seizure - seen in childhood, lasts 5-10 sec, lipsmacking/blinking
absence
type of seizure - mentally retarded, muscle spasms
atypical
type of seizure - arm contractions
myoclonic
type of seizure - rhythmic bilateral symmetrical movements
clonic
type of seizure - “drop attack”
atonic
type of seizure - sudden loss of muscle control, usually legs
atonic
type of seizure - most common, 2-3 mins, entire body involved
tonic-clonic
what are recurrent tonic-clonic seizures w/o full return to consciousness
status epilepticus
what is a common cause of status epilepticus
alcohol withdrawal
how long does seizure activity occur in status epilepticus
> 30 min
what is a side effect of long term anticonvulsive therapy
osteoporosis
what is the most common drug used to treat seizures
dilantin
what types of seizures does dilantin treate
partial & generalized
what are some adverse effects of dilantin
gum hypertrophy
rash, lupus
arrhythmias
what is the med given as a loading dose for status epilepticus
dilantin
what is the therapeutic blood level of dilantin
10-20
how long can dilantin hypersensitivity last
3-8 weeks
which drug treats partial & tonic clonic seizures, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, bipolar
tegretol
which med should be absorbed on a full stomach
tegretol
which drug will increase levels if taken with grapefruit juice
tegretol
what drug has s/e - restless, irritable, renal failure, urinary frequency, visual changes
tegretol
which drug is used to treat absence seizures
zarontin
which anticonvulsive drug has GI side effects
zarontin
which drug is used to treat absence & partial seizures, migraines
valproic acid
which anticonvulsive drug is hepatotoxic, teratogenic
valproic acid
which newer drug treats partial seizures & neuralgia
lyrica
which 3 drugs are used in combination with other epilepsy drugs to treat partial seizures
keppra
zonegram
neurontin
what are 2 benzodiazepines
ativan
valium
what is a ketogenic diet
80% of diet is fat