Epilepsy/Seizures

Question 1

what are the 2 causes of seizures

Answer 1

idiopathic

aquired

Question 2

what are some causes of idiopathic seizures

Answer 2

genetics

developmental defect

Question 3

what are some causes of acquired seizures

Answer 3

hypoxia
head injury
stroke
tumors
withdrawal
fever

Question 4

what type of seizure begins in one specific region of the cortex and may spread

Answer 4

partial

Question 5

what type of seizure has no loss of consciousness, lasts <1 min

Answer 5

simple partial

Question 6

what type of seizure has an impaired level of consciousness, automatisms

Answer 6

complex partial

Question 7

what type of seizure is a bilateral synchronous discharge in the brain

Answer 7

generalized

Question 8

which type of seizure involves the whole brain at once

Answer 8

generalized

Question 9

seizure s/s - deja vu, aphasia

Answer 9

simple partial seizure

Question 10

which type of seizure may lead to a jacksonian seizure

Answer 10

simple partial seizure

Question 11

which type of seizure has no aura/warning

Answer 11

generalized

Question 12

type of seizure - seen in childhood, lasts 5-10 sec, lipsmacking/blinking

Answer 12

absence

Question 13

type of seizure - mentally retarded, muscle spasms

Answer 13

atypical

Question 14

type of seizure - arm contractions

Answer 14

myoclonic

Question 15

type of seizure - rhythmic bilateral symmetrical movements

Answer 15

clonic

Question 16

type of seizure - “drop attack”

Answer 16

atonic

Question 17

type of seizure - sudden loss of muscle control, usually legs

Answer 17

atonic

Question 18

type of seizure - most common, 2-3 mins, entire body involved

Answer 18

tonic-clonic

Question 19

what are recurrent tonic-clonic seizures w/o full return to consciousness

Answer 19

status epilepticus

Question 20

what is a common cause of status epilepticus

Answer 20

alcohol withdrawal

Question 21

how long does seizure activity occur in status epilepticus

Answer 21

> 30 min

Question 22

what is a side effect of long term anticonvulsive therapy

Answer 22

osteoporosis

Question 23

what is the most common drug used to treat seizures

Answer 23

dilantin

Question 24

what types of seizures does dilantin treate

Answer 24

partial & generalized

Question 25

what are some adverse effects of dilantin

Answer 25

gum hypertrophy
rash, lupus
arrhythmias

Question 26

what is the med given as a loading dose for status epilepticus

Answer 26

dilantin

Question 27

what is the therapeutic blood level of dilantin

Answer 27

10-20

Question 28

how long can dilantin hypersensitivity last

Answer 28

3-8 weeks

Question 29

which drug treats partial & tonic clonic seizures, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, bipolar

Answer 29

tegretol

Question 30

which med should be absorbed on a full stomach

Answer 30

tegretol

Question 31

which drug will increase levels if taken with grapefruit juice

Answer 31

tegretol

Question 32

what drug has s/e - restless, irritable, renal failure, urinary frequency, visual changes

Answer 32

tegretol

Question 33

which drug is used to treat absence seizures

Answer 33

zarontin

Question 34

which anticonvulsive drug has GI side effects

Answer 34

zarontin

Question 35

which drug is used to treat absence & partial seizures, migraines

Answer 35

valproic acid

Question 36

which anticonvulsive drug is hepatotoxic, teratogenic

Answer 36

valproic acid

Question 37

which newer drug treats partial seizures & neuralgia

Answer 37

lyrica

Question 38

which 3 drugs are used in combination with other epilepsy drugs to treat partial seizures

Answer 38

keppra
zonegram
neurontin

Question 39

what are 2 benzodiazepines

Answer 39

ativan

valium

Question 40

what is a ketogenic diet

Answer 40

80% of diet is fat